B-level writing
Argumentative (Persuasive) Essay
Argumentative Essay
Definition:
An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a claim or thesis and uses evidence and reasoning to support that claim. The goal is to persuade the reader to accept or consider the writer's point of view by presenting logical arguments and counter arguments.
Structure:
Introduction:
Hook: A compelling opening sentence to grab the reader's attention.
Background Information: Brief context or background information about the topic.
Thesis Statement: A clear, concise statement of the main argument or claim.
Body Paragraphs:
Topic Sentence: Introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
Evidence: Facts, statistics, quotes, or examples that support the topic sentence.
Explanation: Analysis and explanation of how the evidence supports the thesis.
Counterarguments: Addressing potential opposing views and refuting them with evidence.
Transition: A sentence that smoothly transitions to the next paragraph.
Conclusion:
Restate Thesis: Reiterate the thesis statement in different words.
Writing Tips:
Research Thoroughly: Gather credible sources to support your arguments.
Stay Objective: Present a balanced view by acknowledging counterarguments.
Use Logical Reasoning: Ensure your arguments are logical and well-structured.
Proofread: Check for grammatical errors and clarity.
Persuasive Essay
Definition:
A persuasive essay aims to convince the reader to adopt a certain viewpoint ortake a specific action. While similar to an argumentative essay, it often appeals more to emotions and personal beliefs than to logic and evidence.
Structure:
Introduction:
Hook: An engaging statement to capture the reader's interest.
Background Information: Brief context or background information about the topic.
Thesis Statement: A clear statement of the writer's position or opinion.
Body Paragraphs:
Topic Sentence: Introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
Supporting Details: Reasons, examples, anecdotes, and emotional appeals that support the topic sentence.
Emotional Appeals: Use of pathos to connect with the reader's emotions.
Transition: A sentence that smoothly transitions to the next paragraph.
Conclusion:
Restate Thesis: Reiterate the thesis statement in different words.
Summary of Main Points: Briefly summarize the main arguments made in the essay.
Call to Action: Encourage the reader to take a specific action or adopt a certain viewpoint.
Writing Tips:
Know Your Audience: Understand the values and beliefs of your audience to tailor your arguments.
Use Persuasive Language: Employ rhetorical devices like repetition, parallelism, and rhetorical questions.
Appeal to Emotions: Use stories, vivid descriptions, and emotional appeals to connect with the reader.
Proofread: Check for grammatical errors and clarity.
Key Differences
Objective vs. Subjective: Argumentative essays rely more on logical reasoning and evidence, while persuasive essays often appeal more to emotions and personal beliefs.
Counterarguments: Argumentative essays typically address counterarguments in detail, whereas persuasive essays may not focus as heavily on opposing views.
Tone: Argumentative essays maintain a more formal and objective tone, while persuasive essays can be more personal and passionate.
Task1. Thesis statement and outline writing practice.
Choose one of the following topics and create a thesis statement along with a brief outline for your essay.
Should nuclear energy be considered a viable solution to the global energy crisis?
Is renewable energy the best alternative to fossil fuels?
Should governments invest more in solar power research and development?
Example:
Topic: Should nuclear energy be considered a viable solution to the global energy crisis?
Thesis Statement: Nuclear energy should be considered a viable solution to the global energy crisis due to its high energy output, low greenhouse gas emissions, and potential for technological advancements.
Outline:
Introduction
Hook: A striking fact about the current energy crisis.
Background Information: Brief overview of nuclear energy.
Thesis Statement: Nuclear energy should be considered a viable solution to the global energy crisis.
Body Paragraph 1
Topic Sentence: Nuclear energy provides a high energy output compared to other sources.
Evidence: Statistics comparing energy output of nuclear plants to renewable sources.
Explanation: High energy output can meet growing global energy demands.
Body Paragraph 2
Topic Sentence: Nuclear energy produces low greenhouse gas emissions.
Evidence: Data on emissions from nuclear plants versus fossil fuel plants.
Explanation: Lower emissions help combat climate change and reduce air pollution.
Body Paragraph 3
Topic Sentence: Technological advancements can address safety concerns and waste management.
Evidence: Innovations in reactor design and waste recycling.
Explanation: Improved technology makes nuclear energy safer and more sustainable.
Conclusion
Restate Thesis: Reiterate the importance of considering nuclear energy.
Summary of Main Points: Summarize the arguments made.
Closing Thought: Call to action for increased investment in nuclear energy research.
Task2. Evidence and explanation writing practice.
Write a paragraph addressing acounter argument for the topic: Is wind energy a reliable alternative to fossil fuels? Present the opposing view and refute it with evidence.
Example:
Counterargument: Critics argue that wind energy is unreliable due to its dependence on weather conditions.
Refutation: While it is true that wind energy production can be variable, advancements in energy storage technology and grid management have significantly mitigated this issue. According to the China Wind Energy Association, modern energy storage systems can store excess energy generated during peak wind periods and release it when wind levels are low, ensuring a consistent energy supply.
Task3. Counterarguments and refutations writing practice.
Write a body paragraph for an argumentative essay on the topic: Should governments phase out coal power plants? Include a topic sentence, evidence, and explanation.
Example:
Topic Sentence: Governments should phaseout coal power plants to reduce harmful environmental impacts.
Evidence: According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), coal-fired power plants are responsible for 65% ofsulfur dioxide emissions and 30% of nitrogen oxide emissions in the United States.
Explanation: These pollutants contribute toacid rain, respiratory problems, and environmental degradation. Phasing out coal power plants will significantly reduce these harmful emissions, leading to improved public health and environmental quality.
Task4. Persuasive introduction writing practice.
Write an introduction for a persuasive essay on the topic: Should individuals adopt solar energy for their homes? Include a hook, background information, and a thesis statement.
Example:
Hook: Imagine a world where your home notonly consumes energy but also produces it, reducing your electricity bills to zero.
Background Information: Solar energy has become increasingly accessible and affordable, yet many homeowners are hesitant to make the switch.
Thesis Statement: Individuals should adopt solar energy for their homes to save money, reduce their carbon footprint, and contribute to energy independence.
Task5. Emotional appeals writing practice.
Write a body paragraph for a persuasive essay on the topic: Should communities invest in local wind farms? Use emotional appeals to connect with the reader.
Example:
Topic Sentence: Investing in local windfarms can transform communities by providing clean energy and creating jobs.
Emotional Appeal: Imagine a community where children can play outside without the fear of air pollution, where local economies thrive with new job opportunities, and where residents take pride in their contribution to a sustainable future. Wind farms can make this vision a reality, offering both environmental and economic benefits that strengthen community bonds.
Transition: In addition to the emotional and social benefits, local wind farms also offer practical advantages.
Task6. Persuasive conclusion writing practice.
Write a conclusion for a persuasive essay on the topic: Should electric vehicles (EVs) replace gasoline-powered cars? Include a restatement of the thesis, a summary of main points, and a call to action.
Example:
Restate Thesis: Replacing gasoline-powered cars with electric vehicles is essential for a sustainable future.
Summary of Main Points: Electric vehicles reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower fuel costs, and decrease our dependence on fossil fuels.
Call to Action: It's time for consumers, manufacturers, and policymakers to embrace the transition to electric vehicles. By choosing EVs, we can drive towards a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable world. Make the switch today and be part of the solution to ourenergy and environmental challenges.
