Association Football / Soccer 足球
足球运动的元素 Football code
The various codes of football share certain common elements and can be grouped into two main classes of football: carrying codes like American football, Canadian football, rugby union, and rugby league, where the ball is moved about the field while being held in the hands or thrown, and kicking codes such as Association football and Gaelic football, where the ball is moved primarily with the feet, and where handling is strictly limited.
Common rules among the sports include:
团队竞赛 Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.
比赛场地 A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
得分方式 Scoring goals or points by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area or over a line.
球进球门 Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
允许防守The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
需要传导球 Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.
触球方式 Players using only their bodies to move the ball.
In all codes, common skills include passing, tackling, evasion of tackles, catching and kicking. In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts.
Football 用脚来踢球
Gaelic Football 盖尔式足球——爱尔兰传统体育运动项目
盖尔式足球（爱尔兰语：Peil、Peil Ghaelach或Caid；英语：Gaelic football），在爱尔兰一般直接称之为“足球（football）”，是主要流行于爱尔兰的一种团队球类运动，与板棍球（爱尔兰式曲棍球）并列为爱尔兰的两大运动，由爱尔兰最大的运动组织——盖尔运动协会所主导。盖尔式足球比赛双方各上场15名球员，比赛时间60分钟或70分钟，分成上、下半场。和一般认知的足球最大的不同在于增加许多手部动作的允许，而和橄榄球或美式足球相比则较少肢体接触和冲撞。
得分
盖尔式足球的得分方式分成两种：
一分球（point）：可称为得点，让球从球门横梁上方通过（当然要在两根立柱中间），得一分。可用脚或用手得点，但用手仅限于以拳头击球。
三分球（goal）：即进球，和足球的射门进球得分一样，用脚将球踢进有网的球门，得三分。基本上以脚踢进，可以直接踢进或由手辅助持球再由脚踢进，但不可以手将球碰进球门（防守方触碰则例外）。
一场比赛的总得分=（三分球数*3+一分球数*1）；总分相同则比较得点数。得分纪录通常会将一分球和三分球的分数分开，三分球记在前，一分球在后（通常预设为两位数），中间加一个"-"记号，比赛一开始是0-00；如果进2球得9点即是2-09，总分为15分。
犯规
以下几种情形视为技术犯规（technical foul）
手持球移动至第四步（即持球四步以内必须对球作一定处理，可以手运球、脚挑球或将球传给别人）
手连续运球（即拍球）两下
空抛换手（即持球手将球抛给自己的另一手）
以手掌持球传球（传球仅可用拳头或脚踢）
将地上的球徒手拾起
发生以下几种肢体接触的情形是犯规（foul）
拉衣服
推人
打人
双手擒抱
滑铲
直接抢球（用双手将持球员怀中的球用力拉扯抢走）
在小禁区内触碰守门员
裁判对于各种犯规会作出处分，此时进入死球状态，处分可能有进球无效、自由球、罚球等。
