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1 阅读技巧
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2 课堂训练
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3 轻松一刻
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4 课后作业
Part 2 Reading Skill Focus
Reading Long Sentences
Long sentences are usually complicated and difficult to understand. They often consist of one or several of the following sentence elements:
⇨ subordinate clause;
⇨ parenthesis;
⇨ present/past participle as adverbial modifier or absolute construction;
⇨ parallel structure, etc.
The key to deal with a long sentence is to seize the main body of the sentence, the sentence trunk. So the first step is to identify the subject, predicate, and object of the sentence. As long as the sentence trunk is clear, the sentence structure will stand out. Then, it will be easy to understand the whole sentence.
Guided Example
Example 1
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
The sentence trunk: __________________________________________.
阅读包含多个从句的长句时，首先找到主句的主体部分（即主语、谓语和宾语），再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，再确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。
该长句主干为：Behaviorists suggest that-clause。
句子包含了四个从句：that...，who...，where...，which...。that 引导宾语从句，从句的主干是the child...will experience greater intellectual development；who is raised in an environment是定语从句，修饰先行词child；where there are many stimuli 是定语从句，修饰先行词environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 是定语从句，修饰先行词stimuli。
译文：行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
Example 2
For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
The sentence trunk: __________________________________________.
阅读包含插入语的长句时，先略掉插入语，把主句的意思看完，然后再看插入部分。插入语常用来交代某句话是谁说的，说话人是什么身份，或修饰、解释、补充前面的内容 等。从形式上看，插入语的出现有明显标志：用双破折号或双逗号与主句隔开。
忽略几个插入语之后可发现，该句的主干结构为：it is more convenient... to sit... than to go out...，是一个比较结构。
该句中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是：to sit comfortably at home，与to go out in search of amusement elsewhere 作比较。句首的for a family of four 作状语，表示条件；介词短语for example 作插入语，第二个介词短语with almost unlimited entertainment available 作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。
译文：譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这与到外面别的地方去消遣比起来，是既便宜又方便。
Example 3
Taking his cue from Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
The sentence trunk:__________________________________________.
阅读包含分词短语作状语或独立主格结构的句子时，首先要确定主句的主谓结构，不要误将分词当成谓语。分词状语就是指用现在分词或过去分词引导的伴随状语、原因状语等；独立主格结构有时由with 引导，看似主谓结构，但实际上其动词部分只是分词，并不是真正的谓语。主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分，而单独的分词是不能做谓语的，由此可区分主谓结构与分词状语及独立主格结构。
分清本句的分词结构之后，可以确定该句的主干结构为“Lu Xun warned that-clause”。
that引导宾语从句；现在分词短语Taking his cue from Ibsen’s A Doll’s House作状语，现在分词taking的逻辑主语是Lu Xun; in which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A Doll’s House; 句中分号后是另一个完整的句子。
译文：易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走，因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示，从而告诫人们娜拉需要钱来养活自己。她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。
Example 4
Human resources managers plan, direct, coordinate the administrative functions of an organization, oversee the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring of new staff, consult with top executives on strategic planning, and serve as a link between an organization’s management and its employees.
The sentence trunk:__________________________________________.
阅读包含并列结构的句子时，先确定句子主干，再确定并列的成分。两个或两个以上互相连接而又属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的语言结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用逗号隔开或用and连接。
该句的主干为：Human resources managers plan, direct, coordinate the administrative functions…, oversee the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring…, consult…, and serve….
句中存在多个并列的谓语：plan, direct, coordinate 之间用逗号隔开，它们有着共同的宾语the administrative functions ；第四个并列谓语是oversee，其宾语是recruiting, interviewing, and hiring；第五个并列谓语是consult；最后一个并列的谓语serve前用and连接。
译文：人力资源经理计划、指导、协调公司的行政管理职能，监管招聘、面试及新员工聘用，与高层管理人员商讨战略计划，并充当公司管理层和员工联系的纽带。
