目录

  • 1 Chapter 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 1.0 Course Contents
    • 1.2 1.1 Basic Conception
      • 1.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 1.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 1.3 1.2 Compiler Structure
      • 1.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 1.3.2 Lecture 2
      • 1.3.3 Lecture 3
    • 1.4 1.3 The Technique of Compiler Developing
  • 2 Chapter 2 Conspectus of Formal Language
    • 2.1 2.1 Alphabets and Strings
      • 2.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.2 2.2 Grammars and its Categories
      • 2.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.3 2.3 Languages and Parse Tree
      • 2.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.3.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.4 2.4 Notes of Formal Language
    • 2.5 2.5 Basic Parsing Techniques
      • 2.5.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.5.2 Lecture 2
  • 3 Chapter 3 Finite Automata
    • 3.1 3.1 Formal Definition of FA
      • 3.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 3.2 3.2 Transition from NDFA to DFA
      • 3.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.2.2 Lecture 2
      • 3.2.3 Lecture 3
    • 3.3 3.3 RG and FA
    • 3.4 3.4 Regular Expression & Regular Set
      • 3.4.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.4.2 Lecture 2
  • 4 Chapter 4 Scanner(Lexical Analyzer)
    • 4.1 4.1 Lexical Analyzer and Tokens
      • 4.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 4.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 4.2 4.2 Step for developing a lexical analyzer
    • 4.3 4.3  Dealing with Identifier
    • 4.4 4.4  Using Regular Expressions
    • 4.5 4.5 Using Flex
      • 4.5.1 Lecture 1
      • 4.5.2 Lecture 2
  • 5 Chapter 5 Top-Down Parsing
    • 5.1 5.0 Push Down Automata (PDA, Added)
      • 5.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 5.1.2 Lecture 2
      • 5.1.3 Lecture 3
    • 5.2 5.1 Elimination Left-Recursion
    • 5.3 5.2 LL(k) Grammar
      • 5.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 5.3.2 Lecture 2
    • 5.4 5.3 Deterministic LL(1) Analyzer Construction
    • 5.5 5.4 Recursive-descent (Non-backtracking) parsing
    • 5.6 5.5 复习与结课
      • 5.6.1 Lecture1 结课感言
      • 5.6.2 Lecture 2 关于复习
      • 5.6.3 Lecture 3 习题讲解
  • 6 Chapter 6 bottom-up Parsing and precedence analyzer
    • 6.1 6.1 Bottom-Up Parsing
    • 6.2 6.2 Phrase, Simple Phrase and Handle
    • 6.3 6.3 A Shift-Reduce Parser
    • 6.4 6.4 Some Relations on Grammar
    • 6.5 6.5 Simple Precedence Parsing
    • 6.6 6.6 Operator-Precedence Parsing
      • 6.6.1 Lecture 1
      • 6.6.2 Lecture 2
      • 6.6.3 Lecture 3
    • 6.7 6.7 Precedence Functions and Construction
  • 7 Chapter 7  LR Parsing
    • 7.1 7.1 LR Parsers
      • 7.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 7.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 7.2 7.2 Building a LR(0) parse table
      • 7.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 7.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 7.3 7.3 SLR Parse Table Construction
    • 7.4 7.4 Constructing Canonical LR(1) Parsing Tables
    • 7.5 7.5 LALR Parsing Tables Construction
    • 7.6 7.6 Using Ambiguous Grammars
    • 7.7 7.7 Yacc/Bison Overview
  • 8 Chapter 8 Syntax-Directed Translation
    • 8.1 8.1 Syntax-Directed Translation
      • 8.1.1 Lecture1
      • 8.1.2 Lecture 2
      • 8.1.3 Lecture 3
    • 8.2 8.2 Abstract Syntax Tree
    • 8.3 8.3 Intermediate Representation
      • 8.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 8.3.2 Lecture 2
  • 9 Chapter 9 Run-Time Environment
    • 9.1 9.1 Data Area & Attribute
    • 9.2 Section 9.2~9.4 & Section 9.8~9.9
    • 9.3 9.5 Parameter Passing
    • 9.4 9.6 Stack Allocation
    • 9.5 9.7 Heap allocation
  • 10 Chapter 10 Symbol Tables
    • 10.1 10.1 A symbol Table Class
    • 10.2 10.2 Basic Implementation Techniques
    • 10.3 10.3 Block-structured Symbol Table
    • 10.4 10.4 Implicit Declaration
    • 10.5 10.5 Overloading
  • 11 Chapter 11 Code Optimization
    • 11.1 11.1 Control Flow Graph
    • 11.2 11.2 Redundancies
    • 11.3 11.3 Loop Optimizations
    • 11.4 11.4 Instruction Dispatch
      • 11.4.1 Lecture 1
      • 11.4.2 Lecture 2
  • 12 Chapter 12 Code Generation
    • 12.1 12.1 Code generation issues
    • 12.2 12.2 Simple Stack Machine
    • 12.3 12.3 Register Machine
    • 12.4 12.4 A Simple Code Generator
  • 13 13 Extended Reading扩展阅读1 斯坦福大学公开课
    • 13.1 Lecture 1
    • 13.2 Lecture 2
    • 13.3 Lecture 3
    • 13.4 Lecture 4
    • 13.5 Lecture 5
    • 13.6 Lecture 6
    • 13.7 Lecture 7
    • 13.8 Lecture 8
    • 13.9 Lecture 9
    • 13.10 Lecture 10
    • 13.11 Lecture 11
    • 13.12 More sources
  • 14 14 Extended Reading 2 扩展阅读2 illinois.edu lectures
    • 14.1 Lecture 1 Overview
    • 14.2 Lecture 2 Strings, Languages, DFAs
    • 14.3 Lecture 3 More on DFAs
    • 14.4 Lecture 4 Regular Expressions and Product Construction
    • 14.5 Lecture 5 Nondeterministic Automata
    • 14.6 Lecture 6 Closure properties
    • 14.7 Lecture 7 NFAs are equivalent to DFAs
    • 14.8 Lecture 8 From DFAs/NFAs to Regular Expressions
    • 14.9 Lecture 9 Proving non-regularity
    • 14.10 Lecture 10 DFA minimization
    • 14.11 Lecture 11 Context-free grammars
    • 14.12 Lecture 12 Cleaning up CFGs and Chomsky Normal form
    • 14.13 Lecture 13 Even More on Context-Free Grammars
    • 14.14 Lecture 14 Repetition in context free languages
    • 14.15 Lecture 15 CYK Parsing Algorithm
    • 14.16 Lecture 16 Recursive automatas
    • 14.17 Lecture 17 Computability and Turing Machines
    • 14.18 Lecture 18 More on Turing Machines
    • 14.19 Lecture 19 Encoding problems and decidability
    • 14.20 Lecture 20 More decidable problems, and simulating TM and “real” computers
    • 14.21 Lecture 21 Undecidability, halting and diagonalization
    • 14.22 Lecture 22 Reductions
    • 14.23 Lecture 23 Rice Theorem and Turing machine behavior properties
    • 14.24 Lecture 24 Dovetailing and non-deterministic Turing machines
    • 14.25 Lecture 25 Linear Bounded Automata and Undecidability for CFGs
  • 15 15 Extended Reading3 扩展阅读3 Extended  Reference Books
    • 15.1 15.1 English Text Book
    • 15.2 15.2 编译原理(何炎祥,伍春香,王汉飞 2010.04)
    • 15.3 15.3 编译原理(陈光建主编;贾金玲,黎远松,罗玉梅,万新副主编 2013.10)
    • 15.4 15.4 编译原理((美)Alfred V. Aho等著;李建中,姜守旭译 2003.08)
    • 15.5 15.5 编译原理学习与实践指导(金登男主编 2013.11)
    • 15.6 15.6 编译原理及编译程序构造 第2版(薛联凤,秦振松编著 2013.02)
    • 15.7 15.7 编译原理学习指导(莫礼平编 2012.01)
    • 15.8 15.8 JavaScript动态网页开发案例教程
  • 16 16 中文版课件(pdf)辅助学习
    • 16.1 第1章 引论
    • 16.2 第2章 形式语言概论
    • 16.3 第3章 有穷自动机
    • 16.4 第4章 词法分析
    • 16.5 第5章 自上而下分析
    • 16.6 第6章 优先分析方法
    • 16.7 第7章 自下而上的LR(k)分析方法
    • 16.8 第8章 语法制导翻译法
    • 16.9 第9章 运行时的存储组织与管理
    • 16.10 第10章 符号表的组织与查找
    • 16.11 第11章 优化
    • 16.12 第12章 代码生成
  • 17 17 Extended Reading4 扩展阅读4 Static Single Assignment
    • 17.1 17.1 SSA-based Compiler Design
    • 17.2 17.2 A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm (Rice Computer Science TR-06-33870)
    • 17.3 17.3 The Development of Static Single Assignment Form(KennethZadeck-Presentation on the History of SSA at the SSA'09 Seminar, Autrans, France, April 2009)
    • 17.4 17.4 SPIR-V Specification(John Kessenich, Google and Boaz Ouriel, Intel Version 1.00, Revision 12 January 16, 2018)
    • 17.5 17.5 Efficiently Computing Static Single Assignment Form and the Control Dependence Graph
    • 17.6 17.6 Global Value Numbers and Redundant Computations
  • 18 18 Extended Reading4 扩展阅读5 Computer Science
    • 18.1 1 实地址模式和保护模式的理解
    • 18.2 2 实模式和保护模式
    • 18.3 3 实模式和保护模式区别及寻址方式
    • 18.4 计算机专业术语
    • 18.5 Bit Math in c Language
    • 18.6 Auto-generating subtitles for any video file
    • 18.7 Autosub
    • 18.8 C语言中的内联函数(inline)与宏定义(#define)
  • 19 19 相关学习
    • 19.1 龙书、鲸书和虎书
    • 19.2 Complexity
    • 19.3 MPC Complexity
    • 19.4 NP-completeness
    • 19.5 Computational complexity theory
  • 20 20 全球战疫-武汉战疫延伸与扩展
    • 20.1 Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit Statement on COVID-19
    • 20.2 Experts urge proactive measures to fight virus
    • 20.3 covid-19病毒下贫穷国家
    • 20.4 正确理解病亡率、压平曲线、疫情高峰术语
    • 20.5 为什么全球经济可能陷入长期衰退
    • 20.6 为何新冠病毒检测会出现“假阴性”
    • 20.7 在纽约,几乎每个人身边都有人感染病毒
    • 20.8 An Address by Her Majesty The Queen
    • 20.9 Boris Johnson admitted to hospital over virus sympto
    • 20.10 Edinburgh festivals cancelled due to coronavirus
    • 20.11 US set to recommend wearing of masks
    • 20.12 Boris Johnson in self-isolation after catching coronavirus
    • 20.13 Covid-19:The porous borders where the virus cannot be controlled
    • 20.14 当欧洲人开始戴上口罩
    • 20.15 Lockdown and ‘Intimate Terrorism’
    • 20.16 Us Election 2020: Bernie Sanders Suspends Presidential Campaign
    • 20.17 The aircraft carrier being infected with the coronavirus
    • 20.18 Spent to the W.H.O.
    • 20.19 Unemployment
    • 20.20 The beat of a heart the glimmer of a soul
    • 20.21 Coronavirus pandemic: EU agrees €500bn rescue package
    • 20.22 the world after coronavirus冠状病毒之后的世界
  • 21 21 课程思政方案
    • 21.1 21.1 课程思政
    • 21.2 21.2 实施方案
US set to recommend wearing of masks

Coronavirus: US set to recommend wearing of masks 

 来源: BBCnews


The White House is expected soon to advise Americans living in coronavirus hotspots to wear cloth masks or scarves in public to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. 

President Donald Trump said "I don't think it will be mandatory - if people want to wear them, they can".

Residents of New York, the outbreak's epicentre in the US, have been urged to cover their faces in public, but not to use surgical masks.

The US death toll is at least 6,000.

New York City is the worst-hit area, with 1,562 deaths in the pandemic, Johns Hopkins University reports in its daily global tally.

Both the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) are reassessing their guidance on face masks, as experts race to find ways to fight the contagious virus.

Covid-19 is carried in airborne droplets from people coughing or sneezing, but there is some dispute about how far people should distance themselves from each other.

The WHO advises that ordinary face masks are only effective if combined with careful hand-washing and social-distancing, and so far it does not recommend them generally for healthy people.

But on Thursday New York mayor Bill de Blasio urged all New Yorkers to cover their faces when outside and near others.

"It could be a scarf. It could be something you create yourself at home. It could be a bandana," he said. 

"It doesn't need to be a professional surgical mask. In fact, we don't want you to use the kind of masks that our first responders need."

Dr Deborah Birx, one of President Trump's coronavirus advisers, expressed caution about general mask-wearing. "We don't want people to get an artificial sense of protection," she said. "They're an additive."

Hospitals and morgues in New York are struggling to cope with the pandemic. 

An emergency field hospital now stands in Central Park, and another makeshift hospital is to be set up in the city's Javits Center, a conference venue.

More than a million cases of coronavirus have been registered globally, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Nearly 53,000 people have died and more than 210,000 have recovered.

In other developments: 

  • Spain's official death toll is 932 for the past 24 hours - just below Thursday's figure. Spain, with 10,932 deaths so far, is the worst-hit country after Italy for fatalities

  • The commander of the USS Theodore Roosevelt was dismissed after saying the US Navy was not doing enough to halt a coronavirus outbreak on board the aircraft carrier

  • The Zaandam cruise ship, with dozens of ill passengers on board, docked in Florida after several South American countries refused to accept it 

  • The World Bank approved a plan to disburse $160bn (£130bn) in emergency aid over 15 months to help countries stricken by the pandemic

  • The French authorities have boosted police checks to prevent anyone trying to go on holiday this weekend ahead of Easter

  • UK Health Secretary Matt Hancock said the aim was 100,000 tests a day in England by the end of April amid criticism of the government's plans

  • A 4,000-bed emergency field hospital at London's ExCel centre is due to open later on Friday


In global terms the US has the most Covid-19 cases - more than 245,000. And on Thursday the US authorities said more than 1,000 had died in the past 24 hours - the highest daily toll so far in the world.

Mayor de Blasio has warned that New York risks running out of ventilators for patients within a few days. 

The White House has ordered car firms to switch rapidly to ventilator production.