目录

  • 1 Chapter 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 1.0 Course Contents
    • 1.2 1.1 Basic Conception
      • 1.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 1.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 1.3 1.2 Compiler Structure
      • 1.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 1.3.2 Lecture 2
      • 1.3.3 Lecture 3
    • 1.4 1.3 The Technique of Compiler Developing
  • 2 Chapter 2 Conspectus of Formal Language
    • 2.1 2.1 Alphabets and Strings
      • 2.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.2 2.2 Grammars and its Categories
      • 2.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.3 2.3 Languages and Parse Tree
      • 2.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.3.2 Lecture 2
    • 2.4 2.4 Notes of Formal Language
    • 2.5 2.5 Basic Parsing Techniques
      • 2.5.1 Lecture 1
      • 2.5.2 Lecture 2
  • 3 Chapter 3 Finite Automata
    • 3.1 3.1 Formal Definition of FA
      • 3.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 3.2 3.2 Transition from NDFA to DFA
      • 3.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.2.2 Lecture 2
      • 3.2.3 Lecture 3
    • 3.3 3.3 RG and FA
    • 3.4 3.4 Regular Expression & Regular Set
      • 3.4.1 Lecture 1
      • 3.4.2 Lecture 2
  • 4 Chapter 4 Scanner(Lexical Analyzer)
    • 4.1 4.1 Lexical Analyzer and Tokens
      • 4.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 4.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 4.2 4.2 Step for developing a lexical analyzer
    • 4.3 4.3  Dealing with Identifier
    • 4.4 4.4  Using Regular Expressions
    • 4.5 4.5 Using Flex
      • 4.5.1 Lecture 1
      • 4.5.2 Lecture 2
  • 5 Chapter 5 Top-Down Parsing
    • 5.1 5.0 Push Down Automata (PDA, Added)
      • 5.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 5.1.2 Lecture 2
      • 5.1.3 Lecture 3
    • 5.2 5.1 Elimination Left-Recursion
    • 5.3 5.2 LL(k) Grammar
      • 5.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 5.3.2 Lecture 2
    • 5.4 5.3 Deterministic LL(1) Analyzer Construction
    • 5.5 5.4 Recursive-descent (Non-backtracking) parsing
    • 5.6 5.5 复习与结课
      • 5.6.1 Lecture1 结课感言
      • 5.6.2 Lecture 2 关于复习
      • 5.6.3 Lecture 3 习题讲解
  • 6 Chapter 6 bottom-up Parsing and precedence analyzer
    • 6.1 6.1 Bottom-Up Parsing
    • 6.2 6.2 Phrase, Simple Phrase and Handle
    • 6.3 6.3 A Shift-Reduce Parser
    • 6.4 6.4 Some Relations on Grammar
    • 6.5 6.5 Simple Precedence Parsing
    • 6.6 6.6 Operator-Precedence Parsing
      • 6.6.1 Lecture 1
      • 6.6.2 Lecture 2
      • 6.6.3 Lecture 3
    • 6.7 6.7 Precedence Functions and Construction
  • 7 Chapter 7  LR Parsing
    • 7.1 7.1 LR Parsers
      • 7.1.1 Lecture 1
      • 7.1.2 Lecture 2
    • 7.2 7.2 Building a LR(0) parse table
      • 7.2.1 Lecture 1
      • 7.2.2 Lecture 2
    • 7.3 7.3 SLR Parse Table Construction
    • 7.4 7.4 Constructing Canonical LR(1) Parsing Tables
    • 7.5 7.5 LALR Parsing Tables Construction
    • 7.6 7.6 Using Ambiguous Grammars
    • 7.7 7.7 Yacc/Bison Overview
  • 8 Chapter 8 Syntax-Directed Translation
    • 8.1 8.1 Syntax-Directed Translation
      • 8.1.1 Lecture1
      • 8.1.2 Lecture 2
      • 8.1.3 Lecture 3
    • 8.2 8.2 Abstract Syntax Tree
    • 8.3 8.3 Intermediate Representation
      • 8.3.1 Lecture 1
      • 8.3.2 Lecture 2
  • 9 Chapter 9 Run-Time Environment
    • 9.1 9.1 Data Area & Attribute
    • 9.2 Section 9.2~9.4 & Section 9.8~9.9
    • 9.3 9.5 Parameter Passing
    • 9.4 9.6 Stack Allocation
    • 9.5 9.7 Heap allocation
  • 10 Chapter 10 Symbol Tables
    • 10.1 10.1 A symbol Table Class
    • 10.2 10.2 Basic Implementation Techniques
    • 10.3 10.3 Block-structured Symbol Table
    • 10.4 10.4 Implicit Declaration
    • 10.5 10.5 Overloading
  • 11 Chapter 11 Code Optimization
    • 11.1 11.1 Control Flow Graph
    • 11.2 11.2 Redundancies
    • 11.3 11.3 Loop Optimizations
    • 11.4 11.4 Instruction Dispatch
      • 11.4.1 Lecture 1
      • 11.4.2 Lecture 2
  • 12 Chapter 12 Code Generation
    • 12.1 12.1 Code generation issues
    • 12.2 12.2 Simple Stack Machine
    • 12.3 12.3 Register Machine
    • 12.4 12.4 A Simple Code Generator
  • 13 13 Extended Reading扩展阅读1 斯坦福大学公开课
    • 13.1 Lecture 1
    • 13.2 Lecture 2
    • 13.3 Lecture 3
    • 13.4 Lecture 4
    • 13.5 Lecture 5
    • 13.6 Lecture 6
    • 13.7 Lecture 7
    • 13.8 Lecture 8
    • 13.9 Lecture 9
    • 13.10 Lecture 10
    • 13.11 Lecture 11
    • 13.12 More sources
  • 14 14 Extended Reading 2 扩展阅读2 illinois.edu lectures
    • 14.1 Lecture 1 Overview
    • 14.2 Lecture 2 Strings, Languages, DFAs
    • 14.3 Lecture 3 More on DFAs
    • 14.4 Lecture 4 Regular Expressions and Product Construction
    • 14.5 Lecture 5 Nondeterministic Automata
    • 14.6 Lecture 6 Closure properties
    • 14.7 Lecture 7 NFAs are equivalent to DFAs
    • 14.8 Lecture 8 From DFAs/NFAs to Regular Expressions
    • 14.9 Lecture 9 Proving non-regularity
    • 14.10 Lecture 10 DFA minimization
    • 14.11 Lecture 11 Context-free grammars
    • 14.12 Lecture 12 Cleaning up CFGs and Chomsky Normal form
    • 14.13 Lecture 13 Even More on Context-Free Grammars
    • 14.14 Lecture 14 Repetition in context free languages
    • 14.15 Lecture 15 CYK Parsing Algorithm
    • 14.16 Lecture 16 Recursive automatas
    • 14.17 Lecture 17 Computability and Turing Machines
    • 14.18 Lecture 18 More on Turing Machines
    • 14.19 Lecture 19 Encoding problems and decidability
    • 14.20 Lecture 20 More decidable problems, and simulating TM and “real” computers
    • 14.21 Lecture 21 Undecidability, halting and diagonalization
    • 14.22 Lecture 22 Reductions
    • 14.23 Lecture 23 Rice Theorem and Turing machine behavior properties
    • 14.24 Lecture 24 Dovetailing and non-deterministic Turing machines
    • 14.25 Lecture 25 Linear Bounded Automata and Undecidability for CFGs
  • 15 15 Extended Reading3 扩展阅读3 Extended  Reference Books
    • 15.1 15.1 English Text Book
    • 15.2 15.2 编译原理(何炎祥,伍春香,王汉飞 2010.04)
    • 15.3 15.3 编译原理(陈光建主编;贾金玲,黎远松,罗玉梅,万新副主编 2013.10)
    • 15.4 15.4 编译原理((美)Alfred V. Aho等著;李建中,姜守旭译 2003.08)
    • 15.5 15.5 编译原理学习与实践指导(金登男主编 2013.11)
    • 15.6 15.6 编译原理及编译程序构造 第2版(薛联凤,秦振松编著 2013.02)
    • 15.7 15.7 编译原理学习指导(莫礼平编 2012.01)
    • 15.8 15.8 JavaScript动态网页开发案例教程
  • 16 16 中文版课件(pdf)辅助学习
    • 16.1 第1章 引论
    • 16.2 第2章 形式语言概论
    • 16.3 第3章 有穷自动机
    • 16.4 第4章 词法分析
    • 16.5 第5章 自上而下分析
    • 16.6 第6章 优先分析方法
    • 16.7 第7章 自下而上的LR(k)分析方法
    • 16.8 第8章 语法制导翻译法
    • 16.9 第9章 运行时的存储组织与管理
    • 16.10 第10章 符号表的组织与查找
    • 16.11 第11章 优化
    • 16.12 第12章 代码生成
  • 17 17 Extended Reading4 扩展阅读4 Static Single Assignment
    • 17.1 17.1 SSA-based Compiler Design
    • 17.2 17.2 A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm (Rice Computer Science TR-06-33870)
    • 17.3 17.3 The Development of Static Single Assignment Form(KennethZadeck-Presentation on the History of SSA at the SSA'09 Seminar, Autrans, France, April 2009)
    • 17.4 17.4 SPIR-V Specification(John Kessenich, Google and Boaz Ouriel, Intel Version 1.00, Revision 12 January 16, 2018)
    • 17.5 17.5 Efficiently Computing Static Single Assignment Form and the Control Dependence Graph
    • 17.6 17.6 Global Value Numbers and Redundant Computations
  • 18 18 Extended Reading4 扩展阅读5 Computer Science
    • 18.1 1 实地址模式和保护模式的理解
    • 18.2 2 实模式和保护模式
    • 18.3 3 实模式和保护模式区别及寻址方式
    • 18.4 计算机专业术语
    • 18.5 Bit Math in c Language
    • 18.6 Auto-generating subtitles for any video file
    • 18.7 Autosub
    • 18.8 C语言中的内联函数(inline)与宏定义(#define)
  • 19 19 相关学习
    • 19.1 龙书、鲸书和虎书
    • 19.2 Complexity
    • 19.3 MPC Complexity
    • 19.4 NP-completeness
    • 19.5 Computational complexity theory
  • 20 20 全球战疫-武汉战疫延伸与扩展
    • 20.1 Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit Statement on COVID-19
    • 20.2 Experts urge proactive measures to fight virus
    • 20.3 covid-19病毒下贫穷国家
    • 20.4 正确理解病亡率、压平曲线、疫情高峰术语
    • 20.5 为什么全球经济可能陷入长期衰退
    • 20.6 为何新冠病毒检测会出现“假阴性”
    • 20.7 在纽约,几乎每个人身边都有人感染病毒
    • 20.8 An Address by Her Majesty The Queen
    • 20.9 Boris Johnson admitted to hospital over virus sympto
    • 20.10 Edinburgh festivals cancelled due to coronavirus
    • 20.11 US set to recommend wearing of masks
    • 20.12 Boris Johnson in self-isolation after catching coronavirus
    • 20.13 Covid-19:The porous borders where the virus cannot be controlled
    • 20.14 当欧洲人开始戴上口罩
    • 20.15 Lockdown and ‘Intimate Terrorism’
    • 20.16 Us Election 2020: Bernie Sanders Suspends Presidential Campaign
    • 20.17 The aircraft carrier being infected with the coronavirus
    • 20.18 Spent to the W.H.O.
    • 20.19 Unemployment
    • 20.20 The beat of a heart the glimmer of a soul
    • 20.21 Coronavirus pandemic: EU agrees €500bn rescue package
    • 20.22 the world after coronavirus冠状病毒之后的世界
  • 21 21 课程思政方案
    • 21.1 21.1 课程思政
    • 21.2 21.2 实施方案
An Address by Her Majesty The Queen

An Address by Her Majesty The Queen                

来源: BBCnews


I am speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time, a time of disruption in the life of our country: a disruption that has brought grief to some, financial difficulties to many, and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all.


我正在演讲的此刻,我知道是一个日渐艰难的时刻。一个我们国家正在受到挑战和破坏的时刻:这种破坏使一些人感到悲伤,给我们很多人带来经济困难,并给我们所有人的日常生活都带来巨大的变化。 
I want to thank everyone on the NHS frontline, as well as care workers and those carrying out essential roles, who selflessly continue their day-to-day duties outside the home in support of us all. I'm sure the nation will join me in assuring you that what you do is appreciated every hour of your hard work brings us closer to a return to more normal times. 
我要感谢在前线的NHS(英国国民医疗体系)的每个人,以及护理人员和那些肩负重任的人,他们日复一日无私地坚守工作岗位来支撑着我们所有人。我和我们国家的所有人一起向您们保证,您们所做的一切都受到赞赏,您们每时每刻的辛勤工作都令我们离回到正常生活更进一步。 
I also want to thank those of you who are staying at home, thereby helping to protect the vulnerable and sparing many families the pain already felt by those who have lost loved ones. Together we are tackling this disease. And I want to reassure you that if we remain united and resolute then we will overcome it. 
我还要感谢那些留在家里的人,从而帮助保护弱势群体,同时也为很多已经失去至亲的人减轻痛苦。我们将共同努力应对这一疾病,我想向您们保证,如果我们保持团结和坚定,我们一定会战胜这个疾病。 
I hope in the years to come, everyone will be take pride in how they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say the Britons of this generation were as strong as any, that the attributes of self-discipline, of quiet good-humoured resolve and of fellow-feeling still characterise this country. The pride in who we are is not a part of our past. It defines our present and our future.
我希望在未来,当我们回首,每个人都能为自己在这场挑战中所作出的贡献而自豪。我们的后代将会说,这一代的英国一如既往地坚定和强大。自律,从容,幽默,和同情心仍然是这个国家人民的特征,英国人的自豪不在过去,它决定了我们的现在和未来。 
The moments when the United Kingdom has come together to applaud its care and essential workers will be remembered as an expression of our national spirit. And its symbol will be the rainbows drawn by children. 
当英国人团结起来为我们的医护人员鼓掌的瞬间,将会被铭记为国家民族精神的表达,它的象征将会是由孩子们绘画出的彩虹。 
Across the Commonwealth and around the world, we have seen heartwarming stories of coming together to help others, be it through delivering food parcels and medicines; checking on neighbours; or converting businesses to help the relief effort.
在英联邦以及世界各地,我们看到了暖心的故事,人们共同伸出援手帮助他人,为他人提供食物和药品,关照邻居,或者改建企业模式来救济他人。 
And though self-isolating may at times be hard, many people of all faiths, and of none, are discovering that it presents an opportunity to slow down, pause and reflect in prayer or meditaion. It reminds me of the very first broadcast I made, in 1940, helped by my sister.
尽管有的时候自我隔离会很艰难,但许多不同信仰的人,甚至过去没有信仰的人,都在隔离中发现,这是给我们放慢脚步,在祈祷和冥想的过程中暂停和反思的机会。这让我想起来在1940年,我在姐姐的帮助下第一次广播。 
We, as children, spoke from here at Windsor to children who had been evacuated from their homes and sent away for their own safety. Today, onece again, many will feel a painful sense of separation from their loved ones. But now as then, we know deep down, that is the right thing to do.
我们当时也是孩子, 在温莎城堡与那些为了自身安全而撤离和被送走的孩子交谈。今天,再一次的,许多人会感受到与亲人分离的痛苦。但是现在,和当年一样,我们内心相信,这是正确的做法。 
While we have faced challenges before, this one is different. This time, we join with all nations across the globe in a common endeavour, using the great advances of science and our instinctive compassion to heal. We will succeed. And that success will belong to everyone of us. 
尽管我们之前曾面临挑战,但这一挑战却有所不同。这次,我们与全球所有国家共同努力,运用科学的巨大进步和我们内心的同理心去治愈。我们将取得成功-成功将属于我们每一个人。 
We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return. We will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; we will meet again. But for now, I send my thanks and warmest good wishes to you all.
我们应该感到欣慰,尽管我们可能还要忍受更多苦难,但美好的日子终将回来,我们会再次和朋友们团聚在一起,我们会再和家人团聚在一起,我们会再见面。