New words and expressions
Cholera n. [U] 霍乱
A public awareness campaign on the prevention of cholera has been started in the affected regions. 一场预防霍乱的公众意识宣传运动已在受灾地区展开。
contaminate verb [ T ]/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ 污染，弄脏
to make something dirty or poisonous:
contaminated drinking water 被污染的饮用水
transmit verb [ T ] /trænzˈmɪt/ spread 传播
to pass something from one person or place to another:
The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. 这种疾病是通过蚊子传播的。
diarrhea n. [U] (BrE diarrhoea) 腹泻
Soluble fiber is found in some foods that absorbs fluid and can help relieve diarrhea. 可溶性纤维存在于一些食物中，可以吸收液体，有助于缓解腹泻。
dehydration n. [U] 脱水
An individual suffering from 10% or more loss of body fluid is considered to be in a severe state of dehydration. 如果一个人流失 10％或更多的体液，则被认为处于严重的脱水状态。
sewer n. [C] 下水道；阴沟；污水管
Within the context of sustainable water management, investments have been planned for the improvement and repair of the sewer system. 在可持续水资源管理的背景下，为改善和维修下水道系统的投资已被列入计划。
miasma
n. [sing.] dirty air or a thick unpleasant mist that smells bad 污浊难闻的空气，瘴气
In the early 19th century, cholera was thought to have been transmitted by a miasma or “bad air,” but we now know that the disease is caused by a bacterium. 在 19 世纪初，霍乱被认为是由瘴气或“坏空气”传播的，但现在我们知道该疾病是由一种细菌引起的。
pandemic
n. [C] a disease that affects people over a very large area or the whole world 流行病，大流行病，瘟疫
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused mass trauma for the world, and the impact will last for many years to come.
新冠肺炎大流行已经给世界造成了极大的创伤，而且这种影响将持续很多年。
sewage
n. [U] （下水道的）污水，污物
Studies have been conducted to investigate how coronavirus may have spread through sewage pipes. 人们已经展开了一些研究，调查冠状病毒可能是以何种方式通过污水管道传播的。
deposit verb [T] 沉淀，放下，存放
to leave something lying on a surface, as a result of a natural or chemical process
The flood waters fell, depositing muds over the whole area.
洪水退去后，留下的淤泥覆盖了整个地区。
cesspool
n. [C] (also cesspit) 污水坑，化粪池
Cesspools were used to store waste in many parts of the world, before being replaced by municipal sewer systems.
在被城市下水道系统取代之前，化粪池曾被世界上许多地方用来储存废物。
propagate
vt. (fml.) to spread an idea, belief, etc. to many people 传播，散播，宣传（观点、信仰等）
Building confidence in vaccines will require cooperation with social media platforms to ensure that they are not abused to propagate harmful rumors. 要建立对疫苗的信心，就需要与社交媒体平台合作，确保它们不会被用来传播有害的谣言。
Proper names
World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
Louis Pasteur 路易斯・巴斯德（1822-1895，法国化学家、微生物学家）
John Snow 约翰・ 斯诺（1813-1858，英国医生，被视为 现代流行病学研究的先驱）
Thames 泰晤士河（位于英国英格兰，为英国著名的“母亲”河）
Broad Street 宽街（英国牛津中心区的一条街道）
Houses of Parliament 英国议会大厦（位于泰晤士河西岸）
Henry Whitehead 亨利・怀特海德（1825-1896，英国牧师）
Complete the sentences with thewords below. Change the form if necessary.
| contaminate | deposit | evidence | pandemic |
| procedure | propagate | survive | transmit |
1.The following standard operating ____________________must be followed by all laboratory workers where laboratory work involves the use of hazardouschemicals.
2.Current literature provides adequate ____________ that intensive lifestyle modifications could lower the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular (心血管的)diseases.
3.In the hospital, every patient is potentially at risk of acquiring and____________ infectious diseases to other patients and healthcare workers.
4.Immunization provides the chief defense for children to ____________ the deadly diseases.
5.People may be infected by touching something ____________ by the COVID-19 virus and then touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes.
6.Experts across the globe predict that there will be another viral ____________ sooner rather than later.
7.The government has launched a series of programs to ____________ knowledge about the recent pandemic outbreak and preventive measures against it.
8.Obesity occurs when too much fat is ____________ in the body due to an imbalance of energy intake and consumption.
(procedure/procedures, evidence, transmitting, survive,
contaminated, pandemic, propogate, deposited)
