定语从句的教学设计
教学目标
知道定语从句相关知识
在具体语境中，能正确理解定语从句的相关知识
在具体语境中，能准确应用定语从句的相关知识
教学活动
教学活动1 列出定语从句的相关知识（知道）
关系代词：which，that，who，whom，whose
关系副词：when，where，why
关系代词：which、that指物。在从句中代替先行词作主语或宾语。 who、that，whom指人。在从句中代替先行词作主语或宾语。whom是宾格形式。whose既可以指人又可以指物，表示“...的”
关系副词：when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。
定语从句中的特殊情况：关系代词只用that或which的情况。一些先行词“地点化”或“时间化”时要用where，when的情况。
设计意图：检查学生定语从句相关知识的熟悉情况，查漏补缺。为后面理解性活动作准备。
教学活动2 解释下列定语从句中的语法现象（理解）
1.The man, who lost his eyesight, crossed 50 cities in three countries.
解释：关系代词who代替先行词the man,在从句中作主语
2. The profession began during the early 19th century when the industiral revolution developed in Britain.
解释：关系副词when代替during the early 19th century在从句中作时间状语
3. A high school senior saved the lives of six of her friends when she realized the farmhouse where they were sleeping was on fire.
解释：关系副词where代替the farmhouse在从句中作地点状语。
4. There are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of which were set up by local doctors.
解释: 关系代词which代替more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，介词提前，先行词指物，所以只能用关系代词which
5. When you sleep, your brain sorts out everything that happened during the day.
解释：关系代词只能用that的情况。先行词是不定代词
定语从句的解题方法（1）判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）（2）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
注意：
①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词是人：whose = the + 名词 + of whom
当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which
Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?
I'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.
②That引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别:
定语从句中的that: 关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。
名词性从句中的that：从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。
强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。
比较：
This is the book that I am looking for.(that 引导定语从句)
It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.(that和前面的it is构成强调句型)
The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句--同位语从句)
That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)
We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)
The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句--表语从句)
（1）定语从句“三要素”
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词：①指人的先行词②指物的先行词
★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)
2.关系词：引导定语的词：（1）关系词的作用
①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
（2）关系词的分类
①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
③关系副词：在从句中作状语（When/where/why）
3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
先行词是人(that/who的区别)
（1）用that的情况
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
Who is the man that is shouting there?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰
This is the very person that we are looking for.
（2）用who的情况
①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
③在there be 结构中
There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
3：先行词是物(that / which的区别)
（1）用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中
She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语
The pen with which you write is Jack's.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
（2）用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
She did all that she could to help us.
②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时
This is the very book that I want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I've seen since I came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
4）As引导定语从句用法
（1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
常用于以下句型当中：
Such/so….. as…. 即“像…..一样”the same …. as… 即“和…...同样的”
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
（2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）
5)关系副词的运用
（1）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)
（2）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works?
(where = in which)
（3）Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
I don't want to listen to any reason why you were absent.
(why = for which)
★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词
★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)
6)几个特殊的先行词
（1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填
The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比较：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.
★way在定语中作tell的宾语
（2）先行词time
time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句
This is the first time that the president has visited the country.
time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when
This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets
★此时when = during which 在..期间
（3）先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填
This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.
比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.
★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语
一、介词+which/whom
1. 介词+which/whom
① 介词的选择根据下面四种情况
a. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词
Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now?
b. 根据定语从句中的形容词
In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.
c. 根据定语从句所修饰的先行词
This is the bike by which I go to school.
d. 根据句意。
This is the train on which he works.
② 如果关系词指人，选whom，如果关系词指物，选which。
2. 不定代词+of+which/whom
常用的不定代词有：both, neither, either(两者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any
Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.
There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.
3. 数词，分词，百分数+of+which/whom
There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.
4. the+名词+of+which=whose+名词
He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.
5. 介词+whose+名词
This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.
The way 作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：that, in which 省略。
I don’t like the way ___D___ you do things.
A. that B. in which C. × D. all of the above
定语从句的主谓一致
（1）当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
（2）当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
（3）先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
用定语从句的相关知识完成下列句子（应用）
1. This is the reason _______ he wants to know.
2. This is the museum_______ the art exibition was held.
3. Do you still remember the day_______we met on the train for the first time.
4. The main reason _______she got the job in that company was her efforts.
5. But it was also a time _______ there were many great philosophers.
6. Ancient India was a place __________ tribes were often at war with each other.
7. _______ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
8. Please pass me the book,the cover of______is red and black.
9. if you're in a situation________ you're not sure what to do, act like you know what to do.
答案：1. who 2. that 3. whom 4. where 5. when 6. whose 7. which 8. which 9. who
