Notes to Text A

1. Finally, they stand out among the “national treasures” in the mechanic fields, and has become a field of indispensable talent. 

此句中 stand out 意为“脱颖而出”。

最终，他们从“国宝级”技工队伍中脱颖而出，成为该领域不可或缺的人才。

2. Gao, a senior technician with rocket manufacturer, is focusing on researching and developing welding techniques for rocket engine nozzles.

a senior technician with a rocket manufacturer 是同位语，对主语 Gao 进行解释和补充说明。

高凤林，火箭制造高级技师，专注于研究和开发火箭发动机喷管的焊接技术。

3. Welding the “heart” for a rocket is very difficult, as you can imagine due to its high requirements, complex conditions as well as high risks.

此句中 be difficult to do sth. 表示“很难做某事，做某事是困难的”。

为火箭焊接“心脏”的难度超出想象，因为它要求高、条件复杂、风险大。

Notes to Text B

1. Does salary matter to you, or would you rather pursue dreams that may be less financially stable?

此句中would rather (than)...表示“宁愿……( 而不愿 )”。

薪水对你来说重要吗？或者说，即使收入不稳定你也更愿意追求梦想？

2. A registered nurse may need a high school diploma and a bachelor's degree in nursing, whereas a postsecondary teacher may need a Ph.D. to even be considered for a job.

此句中 whereas 表示“然而”。

注册护士的学历要求是高中毕业文凭到护理学士学位，然而，中学教师甚至需要博士学位。

3. You have a chance to volunteer or obtain an internship in a particular industry, or you may be able to work as an apprentice or be mentored by a professional.

此句中的“be mentored by”表示“接受指导”（被动语态）。英语中的被动语态翻译成汉语时，多用主动的表达方式，少用被动。你可以在某个行业做志愿者或者实习生，也可以做学徒，或者接受专业人士的指导。