Related Literary Terms
1.The Enlightenment Movement (启蒙运动)
(1)Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement whichflourished in France and swept through Western Europe in the 18thcentury. (2) The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14thcentury to the mid-17th century. (3) Its purpose was to enlightenthe whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. (4)It celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocateduniversal education. Literature at the time became a very popular means ofpublic education. (5) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were thosegreat writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir RichardSteele.
2. Neoclassicism(新古典主义)
（1）In the field of literature, the EnlightenmentMovement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. (2)This tendency is known as neoclassicism. The neoclassicists held that forms ofliterature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greekand Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary Frenchones. (3)They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic,restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in termsof its service to humanity.
3. Adventure fiction
冒险小说一般指探险小说
探险小说是通俗小说的一种，准确的叫法应为冒险小说（Adventure fiction）。它是以各种不寻常的冒险事件为描写的中心线索，主人公往往有不平凡的经历、遭遇和挫折，情节紧张、冲突尖锐、场面惊险、内容离奇。广义的冒险小说一般可分为两类题材：一类描写人与人、人与社会势力的冲突，另一类则指人与环境、人与自然的冲突；狭义的冒险小说专指后一类。这类作品商业性十足，故而作品众多，鱼龙混杂，已经成为当下较难出新意的小说类别。
The Rise of Novel
Thenovel as most people think of it today first appeared in England in the earlyeighteenth century with the publication of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe(1719). By the time Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1747-8), HenryFielding’s Tom Jones (1749) and Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy(1759-67) had been published, the genre was not only well established but itsdistinctive features were also apparent. The opening sentences of RobinsonCrusoe illustrate a number of these characteristics:
I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, tho’not of thatcountry, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. Hegot a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade lived afterward atYork, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were namedRobinson, a very good family in that country, and from whom I was calledRobinson Kreutznaer; but by the usual corruption of words in England, we arenow called, nay, call our selves, and write our name, Crusoe, and so mycompanions always called me.
