Unit 3 Text A

Yu Danshen and Tung Jiegeng

1   According to statistics, there are 2436 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials in Nanyang, including 2027 kinds of medicinal plants, 319 kinds of medicinal animals, 63 kinds of medicinal minerals and 27 kinds of other categories.

2   With the strong support of the government, in recent years, the TCM industry has developed rapidly in Nanyang and its management has been gradually standardized. In December, 2017, Shanzhuyu, Xinyi, Tung Jiegeng, Yu Danshen, Tang Zhizi, Wan Ai, Jinyinhua and Xiakucao were identified as the new Eight Major Medicinal Plants in Nanyang after multiple demonstrations by relevant departments. The planting area of Chinese herbal medicines has increased from 1.6 million mu in 2016 to 1.85 million mu by the end of 2020. Among them, there are 20 varieties of more than 10,000 mu, and 12 varieties of more than 50,000 mu.

3   In this issue, we will mainly introduce the two typical ones, salvia miltiorrhiza from Fangcheng (Yu Danshen) and platycodon grandiflorum from Tongbai (Tung Jiegeng), to you.

Yu Danshen

4   Brief Introduction

Yu Danshen is also known as Fangcheng Danshen. As a specialty of Fangcheng County, Henan Province, it is not only one of the eight Wan medicines but also a product of national geographical indication in China. It resembles ginseng in shape, with a skin color as red as Dan (a kind of purple red color in Chinese language). This medicinal material has a dense texture, thick bark, fine woody core, and few fibers. The cross section is in the shape of radiate chrysanthemum when it’s broken.

5   Efficacy

Yu Danshen is called the first of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) by medical saint Zhang Zhongjing because of its remarkable curative effect. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, Salvia miltiorrhiza can remove blood stasis and relieve pain, promoting blood circulation, nourishing the mind, clearing the heart, and treating hernia pain. Modern medical research shows that Salvia miltiorrhiza has a significant curative effect on lowering blood pressure, reducing blood lipid, and resisting thrombosis. It has been widely used in treating coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and gynecological disease.

6   Commercial value

In 1991, Yu Danshen won the silver award in the Zhongjing Cup International Expo and 2001 won China Famous Brand Products in the China International Agricultural Expo. In 2007, Fangcheng Yu Danshen planting area was identified as one of the top ten medicinal herbs planting base in Henan province. All these show its uniqueness to all walks of life home and abroad, and will also provide more sales channels for this medicinal material.

Tung Jiegeng

7   Brief introduction

Tung platycodon grandiflorum, Tung Jiegeng, is also known as Tung ginseng. Its root is used as both medicine and food. Tung ginseng is produced in Tongbai Mountain. The root strip is plump, white and hard, and its cross section presents a distinct shape of chrysanthemum heart. Its active ingredient saponin content reaches 16.99%, 4% higher than that of other platycodon grandiflorum saponins in China, so it is named Tung Platycodon grandiflorum after the place of origin.

8   Nutritional value and efficacy

Tung Platycodon grandiflorum contains platycodon saponin, platycodon acid A/ B/ C and eight essential amino acids. It has bitter, pungent root and flat nature with the functions of purging the lung, eliminating phlegm, promoting pharynx, expelling pus, resisting inflammation, reducing blood sugar, lowering blood pressure, etc. It is clinically used for the treatment of colds, coughs, bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, lung abscess, chest inflammation, scarlet fever and other diseases.

9   Product value

 In 2014, the planting area of Platycodon grandiflorum in Tongbai County was more than 10,000 mu, with an annual output of 2.5 million kilograms of dry products, and an annual output value of 20 million yuan to 30 million yuan. It has solved the problem of pulling more than 2,000 farmers out of poverty, driving the employment of more than 3,000 surplus rural labor force, and pushing the development of the tertiary industry. The cultivation of this medicinal material has not only increased the income of local farmers, but also promoted the development of TCM industry and the dissemination of TCM culture.

裕丹参和桐桔梗

据统计，南阳有中药材2436种，其中药用植物2027种，药用动物319种，药用矿物63种，其他类27种。 

近年来，在政府的大力支持下，南阳市中药产业发展迅速，管理逐渐规范。2017年12月，经有关部门多方论证，确定山茱萸、辛夷、桐桔梗、裕丹参、唐栀子、宛艾、金银花、夏枯草为新的“八大宛药”。中药材种植面积也从2016年的160万亩增加到2020年底的185万亩。其中万亩以上规模化种植的有20个品种，5万亩以上的有12个品种。

本期我们将主要向您介绍两种具有代表性的地方特色中药：裕丹参和桐桔梗。

裕丹参

基本介绍 

裕丹参，也称方城丹参。作为河南省方城县特产，八大宛药之一，也是中国国家地理标志产品。其形似人参，皮色红赤如丹，药材质地坚密，皮厚木质芯细，纤维少，折断呈放射形菊花状。

功效疗效

该药材因其显著的疗效被医圣张仲景称为丹参之首。据《本草纲目》记载：“丹参祛瘀止痛，活血通经，养神定志，通心包络，治疝疼”。现代医学研究表明，丹参在降血压、降血脂、抗血栓形成等方面均有显著的疗效，并广泛用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、心肌梗塞、脑血栓及妇科疾病。

商业价值

1991年，裕丹参获“仲景杯国际博览会”银质奖，2001年荣获中国国际农业博览会“中国名牌产品”。2007年，方城裕丹参被确定为河南省十大药材种植基地之一。这些无不在向海内外各行各业展示着它的独特性，同时也将为该药材提供更多的销售渠道。

桐桔梗

基本介绍

桐桔梗，又名“桐参”，以根入药，也常食用。桐柏山所产桔梗，根条肥大，色白、质坚，横切面呈现明显的菊花心形状，其有效成分皂甙含量达16.99%，高出全国其他桔梗皂甙含量4%，故以产地命名为“桐桔梗”。

营养价值及功效

桐桔梗含桔梗皂甙，桔梗酸A、B、C及人体必须的8种氨基酸等成份，桔梗根味苦、辛，性平，有宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓、抗炎、降血糖、降血压等功能，临床用于感冒、咳嗽、支气管炎、上呼吸道感染、肺脓疡、胸炎、猩红热等病的治疗。

产品价值

2014年，桐柏县桐桔梗种植面积1万多亩，年产干品250万千克，年产值达2000万元－3000万元，解决了2000余户农民脱贫致富问题，带动3000余名农村富余劳动力就业，同时促进了第三产业的发展。该药材的种植不仅增加了当地农民创收，也推动了中医药产业的发展及中医药文化传播。

【通用词汇】

statistics   /stəˈtɪstɪks/  n. 统计数据

medicinal  /məˈdɪsɪnl/ a. 药的; 药用的

mineral  /ˈmɪnərəl/ n. 矿物; 矿物质

category  /ˈkætəɡəri/   n. 类别; 种类

standardize /ˈstændədaɪz/ v. 标准化; 使符合标准

identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/  v. 识别; 确认

multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ a. 数量多的; 多种多样的

demonstration /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn/  n. 演示; 论证

variety /vəˈraɪəti/  n. 品种; 多样化

issue  /ˈɪʃu:/  n. 问题; 发行; 一期

specialty  /ˈspeʃəlti/  n. 专业; 特产; 专长

geographical  /ˌdʒi:əˈɡræfɪkl/  a. 地理(学)的

indication  /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn/  n. 指示; 显示; 标示

resemble  /rɪˈzembl/  v. 像; 类似于

texture   /ˈtekstʃər/  n. 纹理; 质地

cross section横截面; 断面

radiate  /ˈreɪdieɪt/  a. 辐射状的；辐射形的

chrysanthemum  /krɪˈzænθəməm/  n. 菊花

efficacy  /ˈefɪkəsi/ n. 功效; 疗效

curative  /ˈkjʊrətɪv/  a. 治愈的; 有疗效的

relieve  /rɪˈli:v/  v. 解除; 减轻; 缓解

nourish  /ˈnɜ:rɪʃ/   v. 滋养; 培养

base  /beɪs/ n. 根据; 基础; 基地

sales channel 销售渠道

plump  /plʌmp/ a. 丰满的; 饱满的

ingredient  /ɪnˈɡri:diənt/  n. 组成部分; 成分

nutritional  /njuˈtrɪʃənl/  a. 营养的；滋养的

pungent /ˈpʌndʒənt/  a. 刺鼻的; 刺激性的

clinically /'klɪnɪkli/  adv. 临床地

purge  /pɜ:rdʒ/  v. 清除; 净化

eliminate  /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/  v. 消除; 排除; 清除

expel  /ɪkˈspel/  v. 驱逐; 排出

surplus /ˈsɜ:rplʌs/  a. 剩余的; 过剩的

rural /ˈrʊərəl/  a. 农村的；乡村的

labor force 劳动力

the tertiary industry 第三产业 /ˈtɜ:ʃəri/ a. 第三的; 第三级的

cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn/  n. 栽培; 种植; 培养

dissemination /dɪˌsemɪˈneɪʃn/  n. 传播; 宣传

【医药术语】

ginseng  /ˈdʒɪnseŋ/  n. 人参; 西洋参

salvia miltiorrhiza /'sælvɪə mɪltɪɒrɪzə/ 丹参

platycodon grandiflorum /ˈplætɪkədən ˌgrændɪˈfləʊrəm/ 桔梗

blood stasis 血瘀 /ˈsteɪsɪs/ n. 停滞; 静止

blood circulation 血液循环

blood sugar 血糖

blood pressure 血压

blood lipid 血脂 /ˈlɪpɪd/ n. 脂质; 类脂

hernia /ˈhɜ:rniə/ n. 疝

thrombosis /θrɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ n. 血栓; 脑血栓

coronary heart disease 冠心病 /ˈkɔ:rəneri/ n. (a.) 冠状动脉（的）

angina pectoris /ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktərɪs/ 心绞痛

myocardial infarction /ˌmaɪəˈkɑrdiəl ɪnˈfɑ:rkʃn/ 心肌梗塞

cerebral thrombosis  /səˈri:brəlθrɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ 脑血栓

gynecological  /ˌgaɪnəkəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/ a. 妇科的

saponin  /'sæpənɪn/  n. 皂苷; 皂甙

saponin content 皂甙含量

platycodon saponin 桔梗皂甙

platycodon acid 桔梗酸 /ˈæsɪd/  n. 酸

amino acids 氨基酸 /əˈmi:nəʊ/  a. 氨基的

phlegm /flem/ n. 痰

pharynx /ˈfærɪŋks/ n. 咽

pus /pʌs/ n. 脓

inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ n. 炎症; 发炎

bronchitis /brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/ n. 支气管炎

upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染 /rəˈspɪrətri/ a. 呼吸的

lung abscess 肺脓疡 /ˈæbses/ n. 脓肿

chest inflammation 胸炎

scarlet fever  猩红热 /ˈskɑ:rlɪt/ a. 鲜红的; 猩红的

【专有名词】

Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》（李时珍）

Zhongjing Cup International Expo 仲景杯国际博览会 /'ekspəʊ/ n. 博览会;展览会

China International Agricultural Expo 中国国际农业博览会

China Famous Brand Products   中国名牌产品

Video clip

General words and expressions

Medical terms

Proper nouns

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