The"Medical Sage"Zhang Zhongjing
ZhangZhongjing, with a style name of Zhongjing and another personal name of Ji, wasborn in Nieyang of Nanyang Prefecture (today's Rangdong Town in Dengzhou Cityin Henan Province) in A.D.150 and died in A.D. 219. As a talented and diligentboy, he followed Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor in the same prefecture, masteredmedical skills rapidly and became famous. During the period of Hanling Emperorin the Han dynasty, he was recommended to become the prefect of Changsha due tohis piousness and integrity and provided medical service at the same time, aremarkable legend in history. At the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, thecountry was in turmoil of war and epidemics broke out frequently. Having alwaysbeen worried about the suffering of the common people, he resigned and returnedto his hometown. After which he studied ancient medicine more diligently,collected prescriptions and devoted all his energy to write "Treatiseon Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", a book which is so influentialthat the medical field call it "ancestor of all prescriptions","the six classics for doctors" and "guide to all medicalpractices". The morality of Zhang Zhongjing is so outstanding that peoplecall him "saint doctor" and "Confucius in medical world".
"Dialecticaltreatment" is a professional term of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).It means that we must first use a variety of diagnostic methods, identify adiversity of different symptoms, conduct a comprehensive analysis of thepatient's physiological characteristics and seasonal solar terms, regionalenvironment, local customs and other factors, study the causes of the disease,and then determine the appropriate treatment.
TCMdoctors attach great importance to "Dialectical treatment". However,a systematic and complete set of clinical methods not having been formedbefore, Zhang Zhongjing made a scientific summary of his accumulated experienceand lessons to form a relatively perfect system.
On oneoccasion, two patients came to see Zhang Zhongjing at the same time, bothcomplaining of headache, fever, cough, and nasal congestion. After questioning,Zhang Zhongjing found two people were drenched in a heavy rain. He felt theirpulse, diagnosed the disease as a cold, and gave them the same dose of ephedrasoup, to sweat and reduce fever.
Thenext day, a patient's family member came to Zhang Zhongjing early in themorning and said that after taking the medicine, the patient sweated a lot, buthis headache was worse than yesterday. After hearing it, Zhang Zhongjing feltvery upset, thinking that his diagnosis was wrong, so he hurried to the otherpatient's home to pay a visit. The patient said that after taking the medicine,he sweated a lot and felt much better now. Zhang Zhongjing felt more confusedwhy with the same disease and the same medicine, the results were not the same?He carefully recalled the scene of yesterday's treatment, and suddenlyremembered that when he felt the first patient's pulse, the first patient's wristwas sweaty and the pulse was weak, while the second patient's wrist was withoutsweat, and he had ignored these differences in diagnosis.
Thepatient had been sweating, and then took the medicine for sweating, so wouldnot he become even weaker? This would not cure the disease, but made it evenworse. So he immediately changed the treatment, and gave the patient a newprescription. Consequently, the patient's condition soon improved.
The incident taught him a profound lesson that with same cold, when symptomswere different, the treatment should not be the same. He believed that varioustreatments needed to be used by the doctor according to the actual situationand they should not stay unchanged.
“医圣”张仲景"
张仲景，名机，字仲景。东汉南阳郡涅阳人（今邓州市穰东镇），生于公元150年，卒于219年。张仲景天资聪敏，少年即慕医道，师从同郡张伯祖习医，尽得其传，名声鹊起。汉灵帝时举孝廉，官至长沙太守，大堂行医，传为千古美谈。东汉末年，战乱频仍，疾疫横行，他哀民生之疾苦，毅然挂冠长沙，弃官归里。他勤求古训，博采众方，精研医学，穷其一生，撰就旷世巨著《伤寒杂病论》，被后世医家称为“众方之祖”，“医家之六经”，“万世医门之规矩准绳”。张仲景因其德大如天，亦被后人尊为“医圣”，“医家之周孔”。
“辨证论治”，是中医学的专业术语。它是说，首先要运用各种诊断方法，辨别各种不同的症候，对病人的生理特点以及时令节气、地区环境、生活习俗等因素进行综合分析，研究其致病的原因，然后确定恰当的治疗方法。
中医看病，都非常重视“辨证施治”。但在张仲景之前，尚未形成系统完整的一套临床方法。张仲景把自己积累的经验教训进行了科学的总结，才形成了比较完善的体系。
有一次，两个病人同时来找张仲景看病，都说头痛、发烧、咳嗽、鼻塞。经过询问，原来二人都淋了一场大雨。张仲景给他们切了脉，确诊为感冒，并给他们各开了剂量相同的麻黄汤，发汗解热。
第二天，一个病人的家属早早就跑来找张仲景，说病人服了药以后，出了一身大汗，但头痛得比昨天更厉害了。张仲景听后很纳闷儿，以为自己诊断出了差错，赶紧跑到另一个病人家里去探望。病人说服了药后出了一身汗，病好了一大半。张仲景更觉得奇怪，为什么同样的病，服相同的药，疗效却不一样呢？他仔细回忆昨天诊治时的情景，猛然想起在给第一个病人切脉时，病人手腕上有汗，脉也较弱，而第二个病人手腕上却无汗，他在诊断时忽略了这些差异。
病人本来就有汗，再服下发汗的药，不就更加虚弱了吗？这样不但治不好病，反而会使病情加重。于是他立即改变治疗方法，给病人重新开方抓药，结果病人的病情很快便好转了。
这件事给他留下了深刻的教训。同样是感冒，表症不同，治疗方法也不应相同。他认为各种治疗方法，需要医生根据实际情况运用，不能一成不变。
prefecture /ˈpriːfektʃə(r)/ n. 地方行政区域；省；县
emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 王朝；朝代
piousness /ˈpaɪəsnəs/ n. 虔诚
integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直，诚实
turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/ n. 动乱；骚动；
epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ n. 流行病
resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ v. 辞职；辞去（某职务）
prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 处方；药方
dialectical /ˌdaɪəˈlektɪkl/ adj. 辩证的
morality /məˈræləti/ n. 道德，品行
Confucius /kənˈfjuːʃəs/ n. 孔子
syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ n. 综合征
diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ n. 诊断
symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n.（医）症状
physiological /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 生理的，生理学的
clinical /ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l/ adj. 临床的；临床诊断的
drench /drentʃ/ v. 使湿透
dose /dəʊs/ n.（药的）一剂，一服
ephedra /eˈfedrə/n. [植] 麻黄属植物
style name n. 字
solar term n. 节气
