煤是 “万能的原料”，用途覆盖能源、工业、化工等多个领域：

Coal is a "versatile raw material" with applications spanning multiple fields such as energy, industry, and chemical engineering.

能源领域：Energy Sector:

发电：全球约 35% 的电力来自燃煤发电（中国占比更高），通过燃烧释放的热能加热水产生蒸汽，驱动汽轮机发电；

Power generation: Approximately 35% of the world's electricity comes from coal-fired power generation (with a higher proportion in China). The heat energy released through combustion heats water to produce steam, which drives steam turbines to generate electricity. 

供热：民用取暖、工业锅炉（如纺织、造纸）的热源。

Heating: It serves as a heat source for civilian heating and industrial boilers (e.g., in textile and papermaking industries).

工业领域：Industrial Sector:

钢铁冶炼：焦煤经焦化（高温干馏）生成焦炭，作为高炉中燃料和还原剂，还原铁矿石为铁；Iron and steel smelting: Coking coal is converted into coke through coking (high-temperature dry distillation). Coke acts as a fuel and reducing agent in blast furnaces to reduce iron ore to iron.

建材：煤矸石（采矿废料）可制砖，煤粉可作水泥生产的燃料。Building materials: Coal gangue (mining waste) can be used to make bricks, and coal powder can be used as fuel in cement production.

化工领域：Chemical Engineering Sector:

通过煤化工技术（气化、液化、干馏等）生产化工原料，如：Chemical raw materials are produced through coal chemical technologies (gasification, liquefaction, dry distillation, etc.), such as:

煤气化生成合成气（CO+H₂），进一步制甲醇、合成氨（化肥）；Coal gasification produces syngas (CO+H₂), which is further used to make methanol and synthetic ammonia (fertilizer).

煤液化生产液体燃料（替代石油）；Coal liquefaction produces liquid fuels (as a substitute for petroleum).

干馏生产焦油（用于塑料、染料等）。Dry distillation produces tar (used in plastics, dyes, etc.).