国际法学

毛战琴

目录

  • 1 Fundamental Topics
    • 1.1 Introduction of Courses、Chapter 1 Introduction and Definition of international law
    • 1.2 Nature of international law
    • 1.3 History of IL
      • 1.3.1 History of International Law（1）
      • 1.3.2 History of International Law（2）
    • 1.4 Theories of IL
    • 1.5 International law and municipal law
  • 2 Sources of international law
    • 2.1 Chapter 2 Sources of International Law and The definition and category of the sources
    • 2.2 Treaties--law-making treaties and contract treaties
    • 2.3 Customs—elementsof customs
    • 2.4 Customs - the persistent objector
    • 2.5 Relations between Customary International Law and Treaties
    • 2.6 General principles of law and equity
    • 2.7 Judicial decisions
    • 2.8 Soft law
    • 2.9 Hierarchy of the sources
    • 2.10 Jus cogens
    • 2.11 Readings&Questions
  • 3 Statesand governments
    • 3.1 Chapter 3 States and governments and Criteria of the state
    • 3.2 Self-determination
    • 3.3 Recognitionof state non-recognition
      • 3.3.1 De jureand de facto recognition
      • 3.3.2 Insurgents and national liberation movements
      • 3.3.3 Recognition of government non-recognition
    • 3.4 Jurisdiction
    • 3.5 Criminal jurisdiction--Territorial principle
    • 3.6 Criminal jurisdiction--Nationality principle
    • 3.7 Criminal jurisdiction--Protective principle
    • 3.8 Criminal jurisdiction--Universality principle
    • 3.9 Conflicts of jurisdiction
    • 3.10 Extradition
    • 3.11 Immunity from jurisdiction
    • 3.12 Immunities of international organizations
    • 3.13 Treaties dealing with rights over territory
    • 3.14 Decolonization and new states
    • 3.15 Secession, Dismemberment,Unification
    • 3.16 Succession of Public property  Private property
    • 3.17 Readings&Questions
      • 3.17.1 Legal consequences of changes of sovereignty over territory(state succession)
  • 4 International organizations
    • 4.1 Chapter 4 International Organization and Status of international organization
      • 4.1.1 Status of international organization
      • 4.1.2 Life of institutions
    • 4.2 The United Nations Charter and the problem of interpretation
    • 4.3 Domestic jurisdiction
    • 4.4 Membership
    • 4.5 The organs of the United Nations
    • 4.6 Pacific settlement of disputes under the United Nations Charter
    • 4.7 Collective security and enforcement action
    • 4.8 UN peacekeeping
    • 4.9 Readings&Questions
      • 4.9.1 The Charter and the organs of the United Nations
      • 4.9.2 The United Nations and peace and security
  • 5 Individuals, companies and groups
    • 5.1 Chapter 5 Individuals, Companies and Groups and Individuals and companies
    • 5.2 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
    • 5.3 Indigenous peoples
    • 5.4 Readings&Questions
  • 6 Acquisition of territory
    • 6.1 Chapter 6 Acquisition of territory and Modes of acquisition of territory-Cession
    • 6.2 Modes of acquisition of territory-Occupation (of terra nullius)
    • 6.3 Modes of acquisition of territory-Prescription
    • 6.4 Modes of acquisition of territory--Operations of nature
    • 6.5 Modes of acquisition of territory--Adjudication
    • 6.6 Modes of acquisition of territory—Conquest
    • 6.7 Acquiescence, recognition and estoppel
    • 6.8 Readings&Questions
  • 7 The law of the sea
    • 7.1 Chapter 7 The law of the sea and Development of LoS
    • 7.2 Internal waters
    • 7.3 Territorial
    • 7.4 Territorial sea（1）
    • 7.5 Territorial sea（2）
    • 7.6 Territorial sea（3）
    • 7.7 The contiguous zone
    • 7.8 Exclusive fishery zones and exclusive economic zones
    • 7.9 The high seas
    • 7.10 Hot pursuit
    • 7.11 The right of approach
    • 7.12 Piracy
    • 7.13 Jurisdiction of municipal courts over crimes committed on the high seas
    • 7.14 The continental shelf
    • 7.15 The deep seabed
    • 7.16 Maritime boundaries
    • 7.17 Readings&Questions
  • 8 Air space and outer space
    • 8.1 Chapter 8 Air space and outer space and Sovereignty of the Air space
    • 8.2 acts of piracy in air space
    • 8.3 Outer space
    • 8.4 The common heritage of mankind principle
  • 9 Human rights
    • 9.1 Chapter 9 Human Rights and The concept of human rights
    • 9.2 Human rights on the universal level
    • 9.3 Human rights on the regional level
    • 9.4 Right of humanitarian intervention
  • 10 Treaties
    • 10.1 Chapter 10 Treaties and General introduction and history
    • 10.2 Conclusion and entry into force of treaties
    • 10.3 Application of treaties
    • 10.4 The amendment and modification of treaties
    • 10.5 Treaty interpretation
    • 10.6 Invalid treaties--Circumstances
    • 10.7 Termination of treaties
    • 10.8 Termination of treaties-- circumstance
    • 10.9 Termination of treaties--Implied right of denunciation or withdrawal
  • 11 Diplomacy
    • 11.1 Chapter 11 diplomacy and Functions of diplomacy
    • 11.2 Diplomatic immunity: immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts
    • 11.3 Diplomatic immunity
      • 11.3.1 Diplomatic immunity（1）
      • 11.3.2 Diplomatic immunity（2）
    • 11.4 Consular immunity
    • 11.5 Waiver of immunity
  • 12 Economy
    • 12.1 Chapter 12  Economy and The concept of international economic law
    • 12.2 The Bretton Woods system and international economic organizations
    • 12.3 The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
    • 12.4 The World Bank
    • 12.5 From the GATT to the WTO
    • 12.6 The new World Trade Organization
    • 12.7 NIEO
    • 12.8 Expropriation and standard of compensation
    • 12.9 Disguised expropriation
    • 12.10 Expropriation of contractual rights
    • 12.11 The right to development
  • 13 Armed Conflicts
    • 13.1 Chapter 13 Armed Conflicts and Lawful and unlawful wars
      • 13.1.1 Lawful and unlawful wars
      • 13.1.2 Korean War
    • 13.2 The prohibition of the use of force in the United Nations Charter
    • 13.3 exception
    • 13.4 Civil wars
    • 13.5 Self-determination and the use of force
    • 13.6 Lawful and unlawful means of waging war--nuclear weapons
    • 13.7 Rules governing the conduct of civil wars
    • 13.8 War crimes trials
  • 14 Environment
    • 14.1 Chapter 14 Environment and Development of environmental protection
    • 14.2 The scope and nature of international environmental law
      • 14.2.1 The scope and nature of international environmental law
      • 14.2.2 The scope and nature of international environmental law
    • 14.3 Customary law and general principles
    • 14.4 The Rio Declaration and Agenda 21
  • 15 State responsibility
    • 15.1 Chapter 15 State Responsibility and The treatment of aliens
    • 15.2 Imputability
    • 15.3 The minimum international standard
    • 15.4 Preliminary objections
    • 15.5 Nationality of claims
    • 15.6 Exhaustion of local remedies
    • 15.7 waiver
    • 15.8 Unreasonable delay and improper behaviour by the injured alien
    • 15.9 Consequences of an internationally wrongful act
    • 15.10 Countermeasures and dispute settlement
  • 16 Peaceful settlement of disputes between states
    • 16.1 Chapter 16 Peaceful settlement and disputes between states and Diplomatic methods of dispute settlement--Negotiations
    • 16.2 Diplomatic methods of dispute settlement--Good offices and mediation
    • 16.3 Diplomatic methods of dispute settlement-finding and inquiry
    • 16.4 Conciliation
    • 16.5 Legal methods of dispute settlement--Adjudication--ICJ
    • 16.6 Legal methods of dispute settlement--Arbitration(PCA)
    • 16.7 Settlement of disputes under the Law of the Sea Convention
Modes of acquisition of territory-Prescription

Another important method to gain territory is by prescription, which is based on effective control over territory. This kind of method actually come from the ancient Roman law.It means that if a state effectively control a territory smoothly and without any interruption, then, the state gain this territory by prescription. However, what criteria shall be satisfied to judge a prescription? May be we can come to a conclusion that prescription is just a legal claim, could not be really applied in international relations today.


Question:

Give us an example of a case related to prescription in ICJ or other arbitral tribunal, and analyze whether it can be deem as prescription in the specific case.


Cases


  1. Island of Palmas Case,

  2.  Eastern Greenland Case

  • Modesof acquisition of territory

Prescription