Unit 10 Do people communicate better now than in the past?

Reading 1---Vocabulary （P205-206）

（文章难度较大，部分讲解）

 

1. be restricted to   仅限于…；局限于…

1.In this case, they would be restricted to only running in the global environment.  

在这种情况下，这将限制为仅在全局环境中运行。

2.But ambiguity need not be restricted to conditions of one variable.

但是对于某个变量的条件产生的模糊性是应该限制的。

 

2. feature  英 ['fiːtʃə]   美 ['fitʃɚ]  

n. 特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目

vi. 起重要作用

vt. 特写；以…为特色；由…主演

[ 过去式 featured 过去分词 featured 现在分词 featuring ]

 

1.N-COUNT A feature of something is an interesting or important part or characteristic of it. 特点

例：

Patriotic songs have long been a feature of Kuwaiti life.

爱国歌曲长期以来一直是科威特人生活的一个特点。

The spacious gardens are a special feature of this property.

宽敞的花园是这处房产的一大特色。

 

2.N-COUNT A feature is a special article in a newspaper or magazine, or a special programme on radio or television. (报纸、杂志的) 特写; (广播、电视的) 特别节目

例：

We are delighted to see the Sunday Times running a long feature on breast cancer.

我们高兴地看到《星期日泰晤士报》刊登了关于乳腺癌的一篇长长的特写。

 

3.N-COUNT A feature or a feature film or movie is a full-length film about a fictional situation, as opposed to a short film or a documentary. 正片; 故事片

例：

...the first feature-length cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

…第一部故事片长度的卡通片《白雪公主和七个小矮人》。

 

4.N-COUNT A geographical feature is something noticeable in a particular area of country, for example, a hill, river, or valley. (地理) 特征

例：

...one of the area's oddest geographical features - an eight-mile bank of pebbles shelving abruptly into the sea.

…这个地区最奇怪的地理特征之一，一条8英里长的鹅卵石堤岸陡然倾斜伸到海里。

 

5.N-PLURAL Your features are your eyes, nose, mouth, and other parts of your face. 容貌

例：

His features seemed to change.

他的容貌似乎变了。

 

6.V-T When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it. (电影等) 由…主演; (展览会等) 以…为重点

例：

It's a great film and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year.

那是一部精彩的电影，它由一位西班牙演员主演，他一年之内就会成为国际明星。

The hour-long programme will be updated each week and feature highlights from recent games.

这个一小时的节目将每周更新，重点介绍近期比赛的精彩部分。

 

7.V-I If someone or something features in something such as a show, exhibition, or magazine, they are an important part of it. 担任主演; 是 (展览、杂志等) 的重要内容

例：

Jon featured in one of the show's most thrilling episodes.

乔恩主演了该剧中最惊悚的几集之一。

词组短语 同近义词 同根词

 

1.Do be careful with this feature, however.  

但是一定要小心对待这个特性。

2.The feature on the girl was pegged on her experiences.  

有关这个女孩子的特写是依据她的经历写成的。

3.Otherwise, you would have to implement this feature yourself.  

否则，您就需要自己想办法实现这个特性。

 

 

 

 

 

Reading 1---Text （P206-207）

熟练运用词汇:

make n adj,  owe sth to sb,  grow up,  pay sb sth for sth,  be responsible for,  care for,   

pass sth on to sb,  apply to sb for sth,  in the form of,  be impressed by,  

 

重要句法语言点：    详解见《英语语法结构体系图》

1. 分词引导后置定语

2. 不定式做表语

3. 状语从句

 

 

Reading 2---Vocabulary （P211-212）

 

1. complementary   英 [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ]   美 ['kɑmplə'mɛntri]  

adj. 补足的，补充的

[ 复数 complementaries ]

 

1.ADJ Complementary things are different from each other but make a good combination. 互补的

例：

To improve the quality of life through work, two complementary strategies are necessary.

要通过工作提高生活质量，两个互补的策略很必要。

He has done experiments complementary to those of Eigen.

他已经做了与艾根的实验互补的实验。

 

2.ADJ Complementary medicine refers to ways of treating patients which are different from the ones used by most Western doctors, for example acupuncture and homeopathy. 辅助性的

例：

...combining orthodox treatment with a wide range of complementary therapies.

…结合传统治疗和各种辅助性疗法。

 

词根：complement

adj.complemental 补足的；补充的；补偿的

n.complement 补语；余角；补足物

complementarity 互补性；补充；补足

vt.complement 补足，补助

 

1.I think they are very complementary.  跟读

我想他们是非常互补的。

 

2.Complementary colours exalt each other.  跟读

互补色加浓了彼此的色彩。

 

3.That would be good for my apprentice to have, complementary.  跟读

补充说一下，那会是成为我徒弟的优势。

 

 

2. react   英 [rɪ'ækt]   美 [ri'ækt]

vi. 反应；影响；反抗；起反作用

vt. 使发生相互作用；使起化学反应

 

1.V-I When you react to something that has happened to you, you behave in a particular way because of it. 作出反应

例：

They reacted violently to the news.

他们对这条新闻反应强烈。

 

2.V-I If you react against someone's way of behaving, you deliberately behave in a different way because you do not like the way they behave. 反抗

例：

My father never saved money and perhaps I reacted against that.

我父亲从不攒钱，也许我反对这种做法。

 

3.V-I If you react to a substance such as a drug, or to something you have touched, you are affected unpleasantly or made ill by it. (对药物或其他所碰触的东西等) 起不良反应

例：

Someone allergic to milk is likely to react to cheese.

对牛奶过敏的人可能会对奶酪也有不良反应。

 

4.V-RECIP When one chemical substance reacts with another, or when two chemical substances react, they combine chemically to form another substance. 起化学反应

例：

Calcium reacts with water but less violently than sodium and potassium do.

钙能与水产生化学反应但不如钠以及钾那么剧烈。

 

react on. 起作用于；对…有影响

react against反抗；反对；起反作用

 

1.To do this you need to react quickly.          要做到这一点，你需要快速反应。

2.I shouted at her, but she didn't react at all.     我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。

3.An acid can react with a base to form a salt.    酸与碱产生化学反应而形成盐。

 

 

 

Reading 2---Text （P212-213）

熟练运用词汇:

disagree about,  plan to do sth,  communicate with sb,  cause sb to do sth,  make payment,  believe in,  have an effect on，  have trouble (in) doing sth,  dispose of,  face to face,  

as a result,  lead to,  such as,  in addition to,  the key to sb/sth/doing,  

 

1. warn  英 [wɔːn]   美 [wɔrn]  

vt. 警告，提醒；通知

vi. 发出警告，发出预告

 

1.V-T/V-I If you warn someone about something such as a possible danger or problem, you tell them about it so that they are aware of it. 警告; 提醒

例：

When I had my first baby friends warned me that children were expensive.

当我有了第一个孩子时，朋友们提醒我说养小孩是很花钱的。

They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone.

他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。

He warned of a possibility of a new terrorist attack.

他警告说可能会有一次新的恐怖袭击。

 

2.V-T/V-I If you warn someone not to do something, you advise them not to do it so that they can avoid possible danger or punishment. 告诫

例：

Mrs. Blount warned me not to interfere.

布朗特太太告诫我不要插手。

"Don't do anything yet," he warned. "Too risky."

“先别行动，”他警告道，“太冒险了。”

 

warn of警告某人某事

warn against警告（...）不要；提醒（...）提防

warn about就...提出警告

 

1.If you can't arrive there on time, you should warn them.  

如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。

2.If there was no danger of believers being deceived, the Bible would not warn us about deception.  

如果信徒们没有被欺骗的危险，圣经是不会在欺骗这方面警告我们的。

3.I must warn you, though, that I might enjoy it.

但是我得提醒你，我可能恰恰享受这样的行为。

 

 

2. dispose   英 [dɪ'spəʊz]   美 [dɪ'spoz]  

vt. 处理；处置；安排

vi. 处理；安排；（能够）决定

n. 处置；性情

 

1.V to deal with or settle 处理; 安排

2.V to give, sell, or transfer to another 给予; 卖给

3.V to throw out or away 扔掉

4.V to consume, esp hurriedly 消耗; 尤指匆忙地

5.V to kill 杀

 

dispose of处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉

1.Dispose of these old newspapers.  跟读

把这些旧报纸处理掉。

 

2.Lastly, what about the decision to dispose of his body at sea?  

最后，为什么决定在海上处理他的遗体？

 

3.You have no idea how much it takes to dispose batteries. Do yourself a favor.

你肯定不知道处理废电池花费有多大．何不对自己行行好呢？

 

 

3. lead  英 [liːd]   美 [lid]  

n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样

vt. 领导；致使；引导；指挥

vi. 领导；导致；用水砣测深

adj. 带头的；最重要的

n. (Lead)人名；(英)利德

 

1.V-T If you lead a group of people, you walk or ride in front of them. 带领

例：

The president and vice president led the mourners.

总统和副总统带领着送葬人群。

He walks with a stick but still leads his soldiers into battle.

尽管他拄着拐杖，但他仍带领士兵上战场。

2.V-T If you lead someone to a particular place or thing, you take them there. 引领

例：

He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house.

他拉着迪肯的手领他进了那幢房子。

She confessed to the killing and led police to his remains.

她承认杀了人，并且带警察找到了他的遗骸。

3.V-I If a road, gate, or door leads somewhere, you can get there by following the road or going through the gate or door. 通往

例：

...the door that led to the garden.

…通往院子的门。

...a hallway leading to the living room.

…通往客厅的过道。

4.V-I If you are leading at a particular point in a race or competition, you are winning at that point. (在比赛中) 领先

例：

He's leading in the presidential race.

他在总统竞选中领先。

So far Fischer leads by five wins to two.

到目前为止，菲舍尔以５:２领先。

5.N-SING If you have the lead or are in the lead in a race or competition, you are winning. 领先地位

例：

Harvard took the lead and remained unperturbed by the repeated challenges.

哈佛取得了领先地位，经过再三挑战后仍然镇定自若。

6.V-T If one company or country leads others in a particular activity such as scientific research or business, it is more successful or advanced than they are in that activity. (在某领域) 领先

例：

In 1920, the United States led the world in iron and steel manufacturing.

美国的钢铁制造业在1920年领先于世界。

7.V-T If you lead a group of people, an organization, or an activity, you are in control or in charge of the people or the activity. 领导

例：

He led the country between 1949 and 1984.

他在1949到1984年间领导着这个国家。

8.N-COUNT If you take the lead, you do something new or develop new ideas or methods that other people consider to be a good example or model to follow. 领先

例：

The American and Japanese navies took the lead in the development of naval aviation.

美国和日本海军在海军航空的发展方面领先。

9.V-T You can use lead when you are saying what kind of life someone has. For example, if you lead a busy life, your life is busy. 过…的生活

例：

She led a normal, happy life with her sister and brother.

她和弟弟妹妹过着平常和幸福的生活。

10.V-I If something leads to a situation or event, usually an unpleasant one, it begins a process which causes that situation or event to happen. 导致 (通常为不愉快的情况)

例：

Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war.

各共和国之间紧张的民族关系可能导致内战。

11.V-T If something leads you to do something, it influences or affects you in such a way that you do it. 促使

例：

His abhorrence of racism led him to write "The Algiers Motel Incident."

他对种族主义的痛恨促使他写了《阿尔及尔汽车旅馆事件》。

12.V-T You can say that one point or topic in a discussion or piece of writing leads you to another in order to introduce a new point or topic that is linked with the previous one. 引导

例：

Well, I think that leads me to the real point.

嗯，我想这把我引向要点。

13.N-COUNT A lead is a piece of information or an idea which may help people to discover the facts in a situation where many facts are not known, for example, in the investigation of a crime or in a scientific experiment. 线索

例：

The inquiry team is also following up possible leads after receiving 400 calls from the public.

调查组正在接到的400个公众电话中追踪可能的线索。

14.N-COUNT A dog's lead is a long, thin chain or piece of leather which you attach to the dog's collar so that you can control the dog. 牵狗的皮带; 牵狗的链子

例：

All dogs in public places should be on a lead.

所有的狗在公共场所必须拴上链子。

15.N-COUNT A lead in a piece of equipment is a piece of wire covered in plastic which supplies electricity to the equipment or carries it from one part of the equipment to another. 导线

例：

...a lead that plugs into a socket on the camcorder.

…一根插到便携式摄影机插孔上的导线。

16.N-COUNT Thelead in a play, film, or show is the most important part in it. The person who plays this part can also be called the lead. 主角; 扮演主角的演员

例：

Nina Ananiashvili and Alexei Fadeyechev from the Bolshoi Ballet dance the leads.

来自莫斯科大剧院芭蕾舞团的妮娜·安娜尼雅什维莉和阿历克谢·费德耶切夫担任主角。

Neve Campbell is the lead, playing one of the dancers.

内芙·坎贝尔是主演，扮演其中一个舞蹈者。

17.→see also   leading

18.to lead someone astray →see   astray

19.to lead the way →see   way

 

lead in导入；引入线；开场白

take the leadv. 带头；为首

in the lead领先；主要的；占主导地位的

 

1.Lead is one of the softer metals.  

铅是硬度较低的金属之一。

 

2.Now they lead in the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction.  

现在他们在制造大规模杀人武器方面领先。

 

3.Do you know if a piece of lead will weigh down an equal bulk of iron?  

你知道一块铅是否比同样体积的铁重?

 

 

4. such as   

比如；诸如

1.像…这种的，像…那样的；诸如…之类的；例如[见 such]

2.例如，比如

3.像…那样的，诸如…之类的

4.普普通通的，平常的

 

1.Heroes such as Huang Jiguang will always live in the hearts of the people.  

像黄继光这样的英雄人物， 将永远活在人民的心里。

2.But what if you have a lot of audio material to listen to, such as audio books or podcasts?

但是如果你有很多像有声书或播客这样的音频材料要听，那该怎么办呢？

3.But for the past 10 years, countries such as China have been exporting capital to the US and Britain so that we can live beyond our means.  

但是在过去10年间，像中国这样的国家却向美国和英国输出资本，使我们能够过上那种超前消费的生活 。

 

 

5． in praise of   歌颂；为赞扬

1.But now I want to raise my voice in praise of slacktivism and defend those lazy zealots.  

但是现在，我愿意为懒汉行动主义高声赞美，为这些懒惰的狂热者辩护。

 

2.Today, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said she sees no need for a House resolution in praise of Michael Jackson.  

今天，白宫发言人南希·佩洛西说她觉得白宫歌颂迈克尔·杰克逊的提案没什么必要。

 

3.They were often given as gifts, some with symbolic meaning—homonyms in praise of fertility or children, for example—and much care went into their craftsmanship.

它们通常作为礼物送与他人，有些还有象征意义——比如赞扬生育能力或者小孩，更多地还是关注于制作工艺。

 

重要句法语言点：    详解见《英语语法结构体系图》

1. 宾语从句

2. 定语从句

3. 分词引导状语

 

重点句型练习：

1. 有些人害怕将来某一天我们将不再有面对面谈话的需要。   212-1

2. 专家们警告在社交网站上交流会对1990年之后出生的那代人有负面的影响。  212-2

3. 越来越多的人使用互联网和其他人交流如此多以至于他们可能形成真正的人际关系有困难。（interpersonal relationships）         212-2

4. 这是一个万事快速移动和一直变化的世界，关系可以通过鼠标点击迅速处理的世界。

5. 我们花在与人面对面互动上时间量的下降对人体有生物学的影响。  212-3