Unit 9 How can a small amount of money make a big difference?
Reading 1---Vocabulary （P181-182）
1． make a difference 有影响，有关系
1.区别对待
2.有(重要)作用；有影响；有关系
同近义词
有影响，有关系
be influential in / militate
1.Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会带来不同。
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2.I volunteer because I want to not just see the world, but make a difference in it.
我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界，我还想让它变得不同。
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3."You can't plan innovation or inspiration, but you can be ready for it, and when you see it you can jump on it and you can make a difference," he said.
他说，“你虽无法为创新或获得灵感做出规划，但是你可以为它们做准备，你发现有做出创新或获得灵感的可能时，你可以积极争取，然后一切就会不同。”
2． owe 英 [əʊ] 美 [o]
vt. 欠；感激；应给予；应该把……归功于
vi. 欠钱
1.V-T If you owe money to someone, they have lent it to you and you have not yet paid it back. 欠
例：
The company owes money to more than 60 banks.
这家公司欠六十多家银行的钱。
Blake already owed him nearly $50.
布莱克已经欠了他近$50。
2.V-T If someone or something owes a particular quality or their success to a person or thing, they only have it because of that person or thing. 把…归功于
例：
I always suspected she owed her first job to her friendship with Roger.
我总是觉得她得到她的第一份工作是由于她与罗杰的友谊。
He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer.
他把自己幸免遇难归功于自己会游泳。
3.V-T If you say that you owe a great deal to someone or something, you mean that they have helped you or influenced you a lot, and you feel very grateful to them. 感激
例：
As a musician I owe much to the radio station in my home town.
作为一名音乐家，我非常感激我家乡的广播电台。
4.V-T If you say that something owes a great deal to a person or thing, you mean that it exists, is successful, or has its particular form mainly because of them. 得益于
例：
The island's present economy owes a good deal to tourism.
该岛现在的经济大大得益于旅游业。
5.V-T If you say that you owe someone gratitude, respect, or loyalty, you mean that they deserve it from you. 应给予
例：
Perhaps we owe these people more respect.
也许我们应该给予这些人更多的尊敬。
I owe you an apology; you must have found my attitude very annoying.
我应向你道歉，你一定觉得我的态度挺让人讨厌的。
6.V-T If you say that you owe it to someone to do something, you mean that you should do that thing because they deserve it. 该为 (某人做某事)
例：
I can't go; I owe it to him to stay.
我不能走，为了他我该留下来。
You owe it to yourself to get some professional help.
你为了自己着想也该去寻求一些专业的帮助了。
7.PHRASE You use owing to when you are introducing the reason for something. 由于
例：
Owing to staff shortages, there was no food on the plane.
由于工作人员不足，飞机上没有食物。
同近义词 同根词
vt.欠；感激；应给予；应该把……归功于
appreciate / be grateful to
1.I owe him nothing.
我不欠他什么。
2.When can you give back the money that you owe?
你什么时候可以归还欠款?
3.If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.
如果说我有一些进步， 这全归功于你。
3． commit 英 [kə'mɪt] 美 [kə'mɪt]
vt. 犯罪，做错事；把...交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务
1.V-T If someone commits a crime or a sin, they do something illegal or bad. 犯 (罪); 做 (坏事)
例：
I have never committed any crime.
我从没有犯过任何罪。
This is a man who has committed murder.
这是个犯了谋杀罪的男人。
2.V-T If someone commits suicide, they deliberately kill themselves. 进行 (自杀)
例：
There are unconfirmed reports he tried to commit suicide.
有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。
3.V-T If you commit money or resources to something, you decide to use them for a particular purpose. 调拨 (钱、资源)
例：
They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.
他们号召西方国家为最贫困国家拨更多的款。
The company had committed thousands of dollars for a plan to reduce mercury emissions.
该公司已经为了一项减少汞排放的计划调拨了数千美元。
4.V-T/V-I If you commit yourself to something, you say that you will definitely do it. If you commit yourself to someone, you decide that you want to have a long-term relationship with them. 使 (自己) 致力于; 使 (自己) 承诺 (与某人的长期关系)
例：
I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays.
我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。
I'd like a friendship that might lead to something deeper, but I wouldn't want to commit myself too soon.
我想要可能发展到更深层关系的友谊，但我不想太快做出承诺。
He won't commit.
他不会承诺。
5.V-T If you do not want to commit yourself on something, you do not want to say what you really think about it or what you are going to do. (就某事) 表态
例：
It isn't their diplomatic style to commit themselves on such a delicate issue.
就如此微妙的问题表态不是他们的外交风格。
6.V-T If someone is committed to a mental hospital, prison, or other institution, they are officially sent there for a period of time. 送交 (到精神病院、监狱等)
例：
Arthur's drinking caused him to be committed to a psychiatric hospital.
阿瑟酗酒导致他被关进了一家精神病院。
7.V-T If you commit something to paper or to writing, you record it by writing it down. If you commit something to memory, you learn it so that you will remember it. 记 (在纸上、记忆中)
例：
She had not committed anything to paper about it.
她还没有把关于它的任何东西记在纸上。
commit oneself承诺，答应负责
commit suicide自杀
commit a crime犯罪；犯下罪行
commit crime犯罪；干坏事
commit murder谋杀
1.Your commit message should be at the top of the log.
您的提交消息应该在日志的最上面。
2.But you cannot hope to master anything unless you commit to mastery of one thing.
但除非你承诺要掌握某事，否则就永远没有希望掌握任何事。
3.So many children who commit violent crimes have themselves been brutalized by years of abuse and neglect.
那么多犯暴力罪行的孩子们由于多年受到的虐待和忽视使他们自己残酷无情。
4． commitment 英 [kə'mɪtm(ə)nt] 美 [kə'mɪtmənt]
n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身
1.N-UNCOUNT Commitment is a strong belief in an idea or system. 信奉
例：
...commitment to the ideals of democracy.
…对民主理想的信奉。
2.N-COUNT A commitment is something which regularly takes up some of your time because of an agreement you have made or because of responsibilities that you have. 投身的事
例：
I've got a lot of commitments.
我有很多要做的事。
3.N-COUNT If you make a commitment to do something, you promise that you will do it. 承诺
例：
We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。
4.N-VAR Commitment is the process of officially sending someone to a prison or a hospital. 送交 (监狱、医院)
organizational commitment组织承诺；组织认同感
professional commitment专业承诺
make a commitment承诺
1.With a commitment to environmental protection, Siemens aims to be the world’s first major industrial company to achieve net-zero carbon footprint by 2030.
致力于环境保护，西门子的目标是在2030年成为世界上第一个零碳排放量的工业公司。
2.But I do expect some commitment to reinforce coordination.
但我认为会做出一些承诺以加强协调。
3.To do this, we must have commitment at the highest level of government.
要做到这一点，我们必须获得政府最高层的承诺。
5． distribute 英 [dɪ'strɪbjuːt; 'dɪstrɪbjuːt] 美 [dɪ'strɪbjut]
vt. 分配；散布；分开；把…分类
[ 过去式 distributed 过去分词 distributed 现在分词 distributing ]
1.V-T If you distribute things, you hand them or deliver them to a number of people. 分发
例：
Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets.
学生们高呼口号，散发传单。
2.V-T When a company distributes goods, it supplies them to the stores or businesses that sell them. 配销
例：
We didn't understand how difficult it was to distribute a national paper.
我们不明白配销一份全国性的报纸有多么困难。
3.V-T To distribute a substance over something means to scatter it over it. 散布
例：
Distribute the topping evenly over the fruit.
将浇头均匀地浇在水果上。
词根：distribute
adj.distributed 分布式的，分散式的
distributive 分配的；分布的；分发的
distributional 分配的；分发的
adv.distributively 分配地；分发地
n.distribution 分布；分配
distributor 经销商；[电] 分配器；分配者；散布者；[电] 配电盘
distributer 分销商；分配器
distributive [语] 分配词
1.You can then distribute your custom components, or you can move them from test to production.
然后可以分发定制组件，或者把它们从测试环境转移到生产环境中。
2.Distribute it to your family, your friends, and your colleagues and share in the success with people you love.
把它分发给你的家人、朋友、和同事，并与你爱的人一起分享取得的成功。
3.This provides some of the advantages of an appliance but with the flexibility to distribute as software only, along with the ability to consolidate multiple appliances on the same physical hardware.
这种组合提供了设备的一些好处，同时又具有仅作为软件分发的灵活性，而且还能够将多个设备合并到相同的物理硬件上。
6. impress 英 [ɪm'pres] 美 [ɪm'prɛs]
vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象
vi. 给人印象
n. 印象，印记；特征，痕迹
[ 过去式 impressed或-prest 过去分词 impressed或-prest 现在分词 impressing ]
1.V-T/V-I If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it. 使钦佩
例：
What impressed him most was their speed.
最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。
2.ADJ 使钦佩的 impressed
例：
I was very impressed by one young man at my lectures.
来上我课的一个年轻人让我很钦佩。
3.V-T If you impress something on someone, you make them understand its importance or degree. 使明白 (重要性或程度)
例：
I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
我过去总是让孩子们明白，生活中如果他们努力就会成功。
I've impressed upon them the need for more professionalism.
我已让他们明白更高专业性的需要。
4.V-T If something impresses itself on your mind, you notice and remember it. 使铭记在心
例：
But this change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the public.
但是这种变化仍没有使公众对此铭记在心。
5.V-T If someone or something impresses you as a particular thing, usually a good one, they give you the impression of being that thing. 使留下印象
例：
It didn't impress me as a good place to live.
那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。
词根：impress
adj.impressive 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的
impressionistic 印象派的；印象主义的；给人深刻印象的
impressible 敏感的；感受性强烈的；易感动的
n.impression 印象；效果，影响；压痕，印记；感想
impressionist 印象主义者；印象派作家
impressionism 印象派，印象主义
impressiveness 令人难忘；印象性；感人
1. She did not impress me at all. 她没给我留下丝毫印象。
2. You will not be able to build self respect if you are permanently striving to impress others with outer displays.
如果你永远在努力用外在的显示来加深别人对你的印象，你将不能够建立自我尊重。
3. What a river this must be to make itself felt so far out from land, to so impress its personality on its overlord, the sea.
这该是一条多么非凡的河啊! 离地面还很远你就可以感受到它的存在，而且它的个性给它的君王——大海以深刻的印象。
7. adjust 英 [ə'dʒʌst] 美 [ə'dʒʌst]
vt. 调整，使…适合；校准
vi. 调整，校准；适应
1.V-T/V-I When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behaviour or your ideas. 调整以适应
例：
We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society.
我们一直在让我们的战士们准备好自我调整以适应普通社会。
I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well.
我感到我已经很好地适应了做母亲的想法。
2.V-T If you adjust something, you change it so that it is more effective or appropriate. 调整
例：
To attract investors, Panama has adjusted its tax and labour laws.
为了吸引投资者，巴拿马已经调整了其税务及劳动法规。
3.V-T If you adjust something such as your clothing or a machine, you correct or alter its position or setting. 调节
例：
Liz adjusted her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking space.
莉兹调节了她的后视镜，然后把车慢慢地开出了停车位。
4.V-T/V-I If you adjust your vision or if your vision adjusts, the muscles of your eye or the pupils alter to cope with changes in light or distance. 适应
例：
He stopped to try to adjust his vision to the faint starlight.
他停下来，试着使眼睛适应昏暗的星光。
词根：adjust
adj.adjustable 可调节的
adjusted 调整过的，调节了的
adjustive 调节的；调整的
n.adjustment 调整，调节；调节器
adjuster [自] 调节器；调停者；（保险等）理算员
adjustability 适应性
adjustor 调节器；调停者
v.adjusted 调整；校正（adjust的过去分词）
1.How do you adjust yourself?
您如何调整自己的？
2.If not, could you adjust your job so that they do?
如果不一致，你可以调整自己的工作以达到一致呢？
3.We must constantly adjust the amount of money in circulation.
我们必须对货币的流通不断进行调节。
Reading 1---Text （P183-184）
熟练运用词汇:
make n adj, owe sth to sb, grow up, pay sb sth for sth, be responsible for, care for,
pass sth on to sb, apply to sb for sth, in the form of, be impressed by,
重要句法语言点： 详解见《英语语法结构体系图》
1. 分词引导后置定语
2. 不定式做表语
3. 状语从句
Reading 2---Vocabulary （P187-188）
tend 英 [tend] 美 [tɛnd]
vi. 趋向，倾向；照料，照顾
vt. 照料，照管
1.V-T If something tends to happen, it usually happens or it often happens. 倾向于; 往往会
例：
A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be noisy.
制造商遇到的一个问题是重量较轻的汽车往往噪音大。
2.V-I If you tend toward a particular characteristic, you often display that characteristic. 趋向…
例：
Artistic and intellectual people tend toward left-wing views.
艺术人士和知识分子趋向左翼观点。
3.V-T You can say that you tend to think something when you want to give your opinion, but do not want it to seem too forceful or definite. 倾向于 (认为)含糊
例：
I tend to think that our Representatives by and large do a good job.
我倾向于认为我们的众议员们总体上干得不错。
4.V to attend (to) 照顾; 照管
例：to tend to someone's needs
5.V to care for 护理
例：to tend wounded soldiers
6.V to handle or control 处理; 控制
例：to tend a fire
tend to be倾向于；趋向于
tend towards走向；趋向；有助于；造成
tend to do倾向于做某事
1. And in general, what you give you tend to get back from the world around you.
通常情况下，你给予他人的，也往往可以从你的周边的人那里得到。
2. But auctions require "if he thinks that she thinks that I think that he thinks" chains of reasoning that tend to have weak links.
不过，拍卖要求有 "如果他认为她认为我认为他那么认为"的推理链条，而这种链条往往存在薄弱环节。
3. But those tend to be in adults.
但是，这些往往是成年人。
2． contribute 英 [kən'trɪbjuːt; 'kɒntrɪbjuːt] 美 [kən'trɪbjut]
vt. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献
vi. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献
[ 过去式 contributed 过去分词 contributed 现在分词 contributing ]
1.V-I If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful. 贡献; 做出贡献
例：
The three sons also contribute to the family business.
3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。
2.V-T/V-I To contribute money or resources to something means to give money or resources to help pay for something or to help achieve a particular purpose. 捐助
例：
The U.S. is contributing $4 billion in loans, credits, and grants.
美国以信贷和赠与的方式捐助了40亿美元。
Local businesses have agreed to contribute.
当地的公司已经同意捐助了。
3.N-COUNT 捐助者 contributor
例：
Candidates for Congress received 53 percent of their funds from individual contributors.
国会候选人接受的捐款中有53%来自个人捐助者。
4.V-I If something contributes to an event or situation, it is one of the causes of it. 是 (造成某情况) 的一个原因
例：
The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.
报道称两艘船在设计上的缺陷是造成悲剧的原因。
vt.贡献，出力；
make contribution / offer up
vt.贡献，出力；
make contribution / offer up
1.How do you plan to contribute?
你打算如何做出贡献？
2.In fact, they do contribute code to the community, which is as it should be.
事实上，他们确实有向社区贡献代码，这也是他们应该做的。
3.How much do you contribute?
你做出了多少贡献？
Reading 2---Text （P189-190）
熟练运用词汇:
be dependent on, volunteer to do sth, concentrate on, In attempts to do sth, put up, add to, how about, instead of, consist of, be filled with,
重要句法语言点： 详解见《英语语法结构体系图》
1. 状语从句
2. 定语从句
3. 分词用法
4. 现在完成进行时
