Unit 5 Why do people help each other?
Reading 1---Vocabulary
1． apply 英 [ə'plaɪ] 美 [ə'plaɪ]
vt. 申请；涂，敷；应用
vi. 申请；涂，敷；适用；请求
[ 过去式 applied 过去分词 applied 现在分词 applying ]
1.V-T/V-I If you apply for something such as a job or membership of an organization, you write a letter or fill out a form in order to ask formally for it. 申请
I am continuing to apply for jobs.
我在继续申请工作。
They may apply to join the organization.
他们可能申请加入该组织。
2.V-T If you apply yourself to something or apply your mind to something, you concentrate hard on doing it or on thinking about it. 将…投入
Scymanski has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.
赛曼斯基已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。
3.V-I If something such as a rule or a remark applies to a person or in a situation, it is relevant to the person or the situation. (对…) 适用
The convention does not apply to us.
该协定对我们不适用。
The rule applies where a person owns stock in a corporation.
该规定对于在公司里拥有股份的人适用。
4.V-T If you apply something such as a rule, system, or skill, you use it in a situation or activity. 运用
The government appears to be applying the same principle.
政府似乎在运用同样的原则。
5.V-T A name that is applied to someone or something is used to refer to them. (在…上) 使用
例：
...a biological term that cannot be applied to a whole culture.
…一个不能用于整个培养物的生物学术语。
6.V-T If you apply something to a surface, you put it on or rub it into the surface. 施用
例：
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound.
正确的做法会是在伤口上施加直接压力。
apply oneself减少对…之消耗量；努力，致力于…
apply for申请，请求
apply for a job求职；申请工作
apply now立即应用；马上申请；在线申请
1.The theory doesn't apply. 这理论不适用。
2.Apply it. 应用它。
3.These regulations apply to everyone, without exception. 这些规章对谁都适用，没有例外。
2． end up 结束；死亡
1.PHRASAL VERB If someone or something ends up somewhere, they eventually arrive there, usually by accident. 最后来到
She fled with her children, moving from neighbour to neighbour and ending up in a friend's basement.
她和她的孩子们逃走了，从一家邻居转到另一家，最终来到一个朋友家的地下室。
2.PHRASAL VERB If you end up doing something or end up in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to. 到头来
If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，你可能会到头来得到自己不想要的东西。
Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood.
每次他们去跳舞，到头来总是扫兴而归。
结束；死亡
die / conclude / come to an end
1.Then you end up alone.
接着你一个人结束了。
2.But many of us end up with jobs like that.
但大多数人最后找到就是那样的工作。
3.You should end up with something similar to what I have below.
操作结束后，你应该会得到与下图相似的结果。
3． prove 英 [pruːv] 美 [pruv]
vt. 证明；检验；显示
vi. 证明是
[ 过去式 proved 过去分词 proved 或proven 现在分词 proving ]
1.V-LINK If something proves to be true or to have a particular quality, it becomes clear after a period of time that it is true or has that quality. 证明是
We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true.
我们曾被指责夸大其词，但遗憾的是，我们所有的报告都证明是真实的。
In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult.
在过去，这种转变过程常证明是艰难的。
2.V-T If you prove that something is true, you show by means of argument or evidence that it is definitely true. 证明
You brought this charge. You prove it!
你提出了这一指控。你来证明它！
The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate.
结果证明，大马哈鱼养殖业的管理是失当的。
That made me hopping mad and determined to prove him wrong.
这使我暴跳如雷并且使我下决心要证明他错了。
3.V-T If you prove yourself to have a certain good quality, you show by your actions that you have it. 显示 (优点)
Margie proved herself to be a good mother.
玛吉显示了自己是个好母亲。
As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms.
作为一名作曲家，他显示出自己擅长创作大型的戏剧体裁。
词组短语 同近义词 同根词
prove to be结果是，证明为
go to prove足以证明；证实[常用在it之后]
prove yourself证明你自己
1.She defied him to prove her guilty.
她量他不敢证明她有罪。
2.Faraday used no mathematics at all to prove his rule.
法拉第完全没有用数学方法来证明他的定律。
3.In order to prove his point he showed them the latest sales figures.
为了证明他的观点，他给他们看了最新的销售数字。
Reading 1---Text
重要句法语言点： 详解见《英语语法结构体系图》
1． 动名词做主语
2． 形式主语it的用法
3． 不定式做主语和表语
4． 主语从句
重要句法语言点： 详解见《英语语法结构体系图》
1. 不定式做主语
2. 定语从句
3. there be +分词 结构
4. 状语从句
5. 动名词做主语
