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•        Liaison联络

•        Specification规范

•        Integrity完整、完好

•        Elaborate复杂的、详尽的

•        Rigtest 台架实验

•        Tensile拉伸

•        Cobalt钴

•        Forge 锻造

•        Cast 铸造

•        Fabrication制作、装配

•        Tungsteninert gas welding 钨极惰性气体保护焊

•        Resistancewelding 电阻焊

•        Electronbeam welding 电子束焊

•        Hightemperature brazing 高温钎焊

•        Furnace熔炉

•        Grinding磨

•        Turning  车

•        Drilling钻

•        Boring镗

•        Broaching拉削

•        Electro-discharge电火花

•        Electro-chemical电化学

•        Laserhole drilling 激光钻孔

•        Chemicalsize reduction 化学铣

•        Coldspoiler 冷扰流片

•        Locationring 定位环

•        Compositematerial 复合材料

•        Heattreatment 热处理

•        Electro-plating电镀

•        Chromatesealing 铬酸盐密封

•        Anodize阳极氧化

•        Corrosion腐蚀

•        Abrasiveblasting 磨料喷砂

•        Polishing抛光

•        Plasmaspraying 等离子喷涂

•        Electrolyticetching  电解腐蚀

•        Metallurgical冶金

•        Barreling研磨

•        Burr 毛刺

•        Flange安装边

•        Dowel 销钉

•        Curviccoupling 圆弧端齿联轴器

•        Hurthcoupling 赫斯联轴器

•        Concentricity同心度

•        Advent到来

•        Implement实施

•        Strategy战略、统筹

•        Computernumerical controlled 计算机数控

•        Laserhardfacing 激光表面硬化

•        Palletize托盘化

•        Tolerance公差

•        Computeraided design 计算机辅助设计

•        Computeraided manufacture 计算机辅助制造

•        Sequence顺序

•        Commensurate相称的

•        Magnesiumalloy 镁合金

•        Mountingfeature 安装节

•        Ultrasonicinspection 超声波检测

•        Magneticinspection 磁力检测

•        Penetrantinspection 渗透检测

•        Die 模具 

•        Necessitate迫使、必要的

•        Creep-resistingsteel 抗蠕变钢

•        Cleanliness清洁

•        Alleviate缓解

•        Radiological放射性

•        Microscopic微观的

•        Lostwax technique 失腊法

•        Directionallysolidified 定向凝固

•        Singlecrystal turbine blade 单晶涡轮叶片

•        Equi-axed等轴

•        Unparalleled无与伦比的

•        Grainboundary 晶界

•        Mould 模具

•        Socket插入

•        Bayonet卡口

•        Chillplate 激冷盘

•        Sprue 铸口

•        Orientate定向

•        Widechord fan blade 宽弦风扇叶片

•        Panel 面板

•        Milling铣削

•        Spotwelding 电焊

•        Distortion扭曲

•        Shrinkage收缩率

•        Polarity极性

•        Electrode电极

•        Negativepole 负极

•        Argon 氩气

•        Weldingtorch nozzle 焊炬喷口

•        Gaslens 气体保护镜

•        Thoriate镀钍

•        Optical光学

•        Homogeneously均匀地

•        Stubshaft 轴颈

•        Manipulation操纵

•        Electrolyticgrinding 电解磨削

•        Metallicions 金属离子

•        Faraday’slaw of electrolysis 法拉第的电解定律

•        Conductive导电的

•        By-product副产品

•        Inhibit抑制

•        Stemdrilling 深孔

•        Capillarydrilling 微孔

•        Insulate绝缘

•        Nitricacid 硝酸

•        Platinum铂、白金

•        Erosion腐蚀

•        Vaporize蒸发

•        Torn 撕裂

•        Fragment碎片

•        Paraffinoil 石蜡油

•        Quench抑制、淬火

•        Auxiliarypower unit 辅助动力装置

•        Lay-up层叠

•        Allotted分配

•        Interval间隔

•        Chipmachining 切削加工

读Sentence

•        2. Thefunctioning of this type of engine, with its high power-to-weight ratio,demands the highest possible performance from each component. Consistent withthis requirement, each component must be manufactured at the lowest possibleweight and cost and also provide mechanical integrity through a long servicelife. Consequently, the methods used during manufacture are diverse and areusually determined by the duties each component has to fulfil.

•        9.Manufacturing is changing and will continue to change to meet the increasingdemands of aeroengine components for fuel efficiency, cost and weightreductions and being able to process the materials required to meet thesedemands.

•        14.Each casing is manufactured from the lightest material commensurate with thestress and temperatures to which it is subjected in service. For example,magnesium alloy, composites and materials of sandwich construction are used forair intake casings, fan casings and low pressure compressor casings, sincethese are the coolest parts of the engine. Alloy steels are used for theturbine and nozzle casings where the temperatures are high and because thesecasings usually incorporate the engine rear mounting features. For casingssubjected to intermediate temperatures i.e. by-pass duct and combustion outercasings, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys are used.

•        16.The high operating temperatures at which the turbine discs must operatenecessitates the use of nickel base alloys. The compressor discs at the rearend of the compressor are produced from creep- resisting steels, or even nickelbase alloys, because of the high temperatures to which they are subjected. Thecompressor discs at the front end of the compressor are produced from titanium.The higher strength of titanium at the moderate operating temperatures at thefront end of the compressor, together with its lower weight provides aconsiderable advantage over steel.

•        24.Figure 22-4 illustrates automatic casting used in the production of equi-axed,directional solidified and single crystal turbine blades. The lost wax processis unparalleled in its ability to provide the highest standards of surfacefinish, repeatable accuracy and surface detail in a cast component. Theincreasing demands of the engine has manifested itself in the need to limitgrain boundaries and provide complex internal passages. The moulds used fordirectional solidified and single crystal castings differ from conventionalmoulds in that they are open at both ends, the base of a mould forms a socketedbayonet fitting into which a chill plate is located during casting. Metal isintroduced from the central sprue into the mould cavities via a ceramic filter.These and orientated seed crystals, if required, are assembled with thepatterns prior to investment. Extensive automation is possible to ensure thewax patterns are coated with the shell material consistently by using robots.The final casting can also have their rises removed using elastic cut-offwheels driven from robot arms, ref. fig. 22-5.

•        31.The principle of the process is that when a current flows between theelectrodes immersed in a solution of salts, chemical reactions occur in whichmetallic ions are transported from one electrode to another (fig. 22-11).Faraday's law of electrolysis explains that the amount of chemical reaction producedby a current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.

•        35.This process consists of tubes (cathode) produced from titanium and suitablyinsulated to ensure a reaction at the tip. A twenty per cent solution of nitricacid is fed under pressure onto the blade producing holes generally in theregion of 0.026 in. diameter. The process is more speedy in operation thanelectro-discharge machining and is capable of drilling holes up to a depth twohundred times the diameter of the tube in use.

•        43.High power to weight ratio and low component costs are very importantconsiderations in the design of any aircraft gas turbine engine, but when thefunction of such an engine is to support a vertical take-off aircraft duringtransition, or as an auxiliary power unit, then the power to weight ratiobecomes extremely critical.

读全文并回答以下问题：

•       Whatis the main structure of an aero gas turbine engine?

•       Whatoccasion is cold forged suitable for?

•       Whatare the most common welding used in aero field?

•       Whatare the advantages of electron beam welding?

•       Whatare the advantages of sandwich construction?

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