Learning objectives 学习目标

Keys and difficulties 重点、难点

• 重点：掌握被动语态的基本形式及用法，并对其进行实际运用。 

• 难点：能在具体语境中准确运用被动语态。

通过上节课课文，帮助学生识别被动语态和主动语态：

Step 1 concept and structure review

*1. 展示一组学生语句表达，让学生判断划出错误的表达，并更正解释原因，教师给出反馈和简单点评。

I love by my mother.                   My mother loves me.

English learn by us.                   We learn English.

The trees plant by us in spring.        We plant the trees in spring.

The bone eat by the dog yesterday.          The dog ate the bone yesterday.

The patients sent back home by the doctor last week.       

The doctor sent the patients back home last week.

Coffee is eating by my teacher.             My teacher is eating coffee.

Homework has finished by the students.       The students have finished homework.

The clothes have cleaned by my mother.      My mother has cleaned the clothes.

The keys must take with you.                You must take the keys.

*2. 学生总结被动语态结构，发现被动语态与时态的结合规律。

am loved：love - loved - loved      √

is learned：learn - learned - learned         √

are planted：plant - planted - planted      √

was eaten：eat - ate - eaten         √

were sent：send - sent - sent     √

is being eaten：eat - ate -eaten    √

has been finished：finish - finished - finished      √

have been cleaned：clean - cleaned - cleaned      √

must be taken：take - took - taken       √

Step 2 practice

1. read and underline

处理教材活动15，可分三步：

（1）学生阅读教材第86页语法方框中的句子，观察斜体部分，理解句子意思，讨论被动语态结构，完成被动语态的时态表。

2.read and complete

处理教材活动16，可分两步：

*(1)教师用PPT展示括号中动词的原形、过去、过分的三种形式，让学生明确动词过去分词的正确形式，降低做题难度，如：

      repair-repaired-repaired                                       hold-held-held

      make-made-made                                                 take-took-taken

      give-gave-given                                                   use-used-used

（2）学生根据动词所搭配的主语用括号中词语的适当形式填空，学生可以互助讨论完成。师生共同检查变化形式是否正确。

3.choose and complete.

处理教材活动17,可分三步：

(1) 学生阅读理解方框中选项的意思。教师抽查学生翻译选项句子的意思。

(2) 学生阅读对话，选择正确的选项补全对话。教师核对答案。

(3) 学生分角色读对话，教师抽查学生翻译对话。

Step 3 vocabulary

1. Choose and complete.

   处理教材活动18, 可分三步：

*（1）学生查阅教材后词汇表或教师提供的学案，了解标注选项中动词短语的意思。或者教师提供网络智慧课堂中解释英语短语意思和用法的精短小视频，让学生通过自学查看或观看了解选项词汇短语的意思。

*（2）学生阅读理解教材活动18的5个句子，遇到生僻词汇，从教师提供的PPT生词表中查询并标注生僻词汇的意思。

生词表：

（3）学生选择合适的短语，用其适当形式补全句子。教师核对答案。

2. Read and complete.

    处理教材活动 19，可分两步：

*（1）学生根据构词法，理解选项中词汇的意思。

  grace优雅+ful(形容词后缀）= graceful优雅的

press按，im+press=impress给...留下深刻印象，impress+ive(形容词后缀）=impressive令人赞叹的

  unique独一无二的       patience耐心        patient有耐心的

create创造            creative有创造力的     decorate装扮

piping bag蛋糕裱花袋      Be amazed at对...惊讶

（2）学生阅读全文，根据上下文意思，选择合适的词填空补全文段。

Step 5 Conclusion

正确识别并运用被动语态

Step 6 Homework 

结合本节课内容，尝试设计关于本课所学句型和本单元重点词汇的思维导图。

Grammar 语法内容

1. 概念理解：

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。

2. 构成：

被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

3. 十种时态的被动形式：

1)一般现在时

  主动语态：do

  被动语态：am is are done

  We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。

  The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。

2)一般过去时

  主动语态：did

  被动语态：was were done

  We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。

  The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。

3)一般将来时

  主动语态：will shall do

  被动语态：will shall be done

  We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。

  The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。

4)一般过去将来时

  主动语态：would do

  被动语态：would be done

  We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。

  We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。

5)现在进行时

 主动语态：am is are doing

  被动语态：am is are being done

  We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。

  The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。

6)过去进行时

  主动语态：was were doing

  被动语态：was were being done

  We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。

  The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。

7）现在完成时

  主动语态：has have done

  被动语态：has have been done

  The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。

  The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了。

8）过去完成时

 主动语态：had done

 被动语态：had been done

 The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。

  The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。

9)将来完成时

  主动语态：will shall have done

  被动语态：will shall have been done

  We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

  The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock. 教室将在五点以前打扫完。

10)过去将来完成时

  主动语态：would have done

  被动语态：would have been done

  I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

  I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。

4. 用法：

英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。

 1）. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者

  How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？

  After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。

2）. 强调动作的承受者

  If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you）

  A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调a new Hope School）

3）. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物

  The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。

5. 不能用被动语态的几种情况：

1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。

2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。

3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。

4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。