
注射法是指由注射器将无菌药液或生物制剂注入组织、血管或体腔中,达到预防、治疗、协助检查、维持正常生理功能以及减轻痛苦不适的目的。
常用的注射方式包括皮内注射、皮下注射、肌内注射、静脉注射等。
(一)注射原则
1.严格遵守无菌操作原则★
注射前操作者必须洗手、戴口罩。消毒注射部位皮肤。
严格执行查对制度做好“三查”、“七对”。即操作前查、操作中查、操作后查。查床号、姓名、药名、浓度、剂量、方法、时间,并仔细检查药液质量,如发现有变色、沉淀、浑浊、药物有效期已过或安瓿有裂痕等现象,则不能应用。
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
GUIDELINES
● Assess medication order
● Ask the client about a history of allergies
● Assess client's current condition and the purposefor the medication or intravenous solution
● Determine the client's understanding of thepurpose of the prescribed medication or need for IV solution
3.选择合适的注射器和针头根据药液量、粘稠度和刺激性的强弱选择注射器和针头。一次性注射器的包装应密封,在有效期以内方可使用。
4.选择合适的注射部位注射时,防止损伤血管和神经不能在擦伤、发炎、化脓感染、硬结、斑痕及患皮肤病处进针。
5.排尽空气注射前,注射器内空气应排尽,以防空气进入血管形成空气栓子。在排气时,还应防止药液浪费。
6.检查回血进针后,注射药液前,应抽动活塞,
查有无回血。静脉注射必须见有回血方可注射。
7.掌握合适的进针深度
8.减轻患者的不适与疼痛
1)解除患者思想顾虑,通过交谈,分散其注意力。
2)采取适当的体位与姿势。
3)注射时做到“二快一慢”,即进针和拔针要快,推注药液要慢。
4)对刺激性较强的药液,针头宜粗长,且进针要深,否则易造成硬结和疼痛。
5)同时注射几种药物,应先注射无刺激性或刺激性较弱的,再注射刺激性较强的药液。
(二)注射用物
1.注射盘
2.注射器及针头


(三)吸取注射用药液


密封瓶消毒:
MEDICATION ORDERS
• COMPONENTS
w Name of client
w Date and time when order is written
w Name of medication to be given
w Dosage of medication
w Medication route
w Time and frequency of administration
w Signature of person writing the order
ORAL MEDICATIONS
• Capsules contain a powered or oily medication ina gelatin cover
• Oral liquids are supplied in solution form andcontain a specific amount of medication in a given amount of solution, asstated on the label
• Volumes of less than 5 ml are measured using asyringe with the needle removed
• A calibrated dropper is used when givingmedicine to children and when adding small amounts of liquid to water or juice;calibrations are in milliliters, cubic centimeters, drops, or minims
MEDICATIONVIAL AND AMPULE
From: Kee, J. &Marshall, S. (2000). Clinical calculations (4thed.) Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

