篮球 — Basketball

王琳老师

上海体育学校附属中学

We are familar with this flash, do you like basketball? How much do you know about it? Today ,let’s enjoy the charm of it.

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.

First, we’ll talk about the Creation of  basketball.

In early December 1891, Canadian Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School(YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. 

He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. 

In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed,allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.

Rules and regulations

The first basketball court: Springfield College

Rules and regulations

Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA).College games use two 20-minute halves.

A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed.

The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA), one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials.

A regulation basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet long and 49.2 feet wide. In the NBA and NCAA the court is 94 feet by 50 feet.

Position

Point guard (often called the "1") 

Shooting guard (the "2") 

Small forward (the "3") 

Power forward (the "4")

Center (the "5"):

Now let’s come to some Common techniques.

Holding, pushing, charging, ripping, or impeding an opponent’s progress by extending a body part into a position other than a normal one or using any rough tactics.

Using your hands on an opponent in any way that inhaibits the opponent’s freedom of movement or acts as an aid in stopping or starting.

Fully or partially extending your arms, other than vertically, to hider your opponent’s freedom of movement.

Using an illegal screen by continuing to move when an opponent makes contact.

Fully or partially extending your arms, other than vertically, to hider your opponent’s freedom of movement.

Using an illegal screen by continuing to move when an opponent makes contact.

Common techniques

Shoot

Rebound

Pass

Dribble

Block

Steal

Dunk

Catch

Officials, table officials and commissioner

The officials shall be a referee and one (1) or two (2) umpire(s). They shall be assisted by the table officials and by a commissioner, if present.

The table officials shall be a scorer, an assistant scorer, a timer and a twenty-four second clock operator.

The commissioner shall sit between the scorer and the timer. His primary duty during the game is to supervise the work of the table officials and to assist the referee and umpire(s) in the smooth functioning of the game.

Referee: Duties and powers

In a basketball game, the referee’s powers and duties are to inspect and approve all equipment, to recognize the scorer, timekeeper and 24-second operator, to toss the ball at center to start the game, to decide weather a basketball shall count, to call a foul on players by blowing the whistle, to have the power to forfeit a game, and to handle the altercation 

Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties

The scorer shall be provided with a scoresheet and shall keep a record of:

Teams，Running summary of points scored, Fouls charged against each player，Time-outs，The next alternating possession.

The assistant scorer shall operate the scoreboard and assist the scorer. In the case of any discrepancy between the scoreboard and the scoresheet which cannot be resolved, the scoresheet shall take precedence and the scoreboard shall be corrected accordingly.

Position of the scorer's table and substitution chairs

OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS

Finally Let’s talk bout the  organizations.

FIBA:International Basketball Federation

NBA:National Basketball Association

CBA:Chinese Basketball Association

Ok, we’ll stop here today,see you.