Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the PICC

Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses (2009) of the PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited are FPA, WA and All Risks coverage.

1.Free from Particular Average (FPA)平安险

平安险的英文意思是：单独海损不陪，它是责任范围最小的一个险别(particular average: 单独海损;free from:　解除，没有...的)

FPA covers(承保)total or constructive total loss（全损或推定全损） of the whole consignment（所托运的货物，交付，委托） of cargo caused in the course of transit by natural casualties such as heavy weather, lightning,tsunami, earthquake and flood. 

• 备注：推定全损是指保险标的发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用超过保险价值的，为推定全损。)

It also covers total loss or partial loss incurred as a result of fortuitous(偶然的，意外的)accidents such as collision（碰撞）, stranding（搁浅）, sinking of the vessel（沉没）, in collision with floating ice or other objects and fire or explosion. Besides the above mentioned, FPA covers generalaverage(共同海损) and salvage charges(救助费), reasonable costs(合理的费用) incurred by the assured in salvaging the goods or averting （避开，避险）or minimizing a loss recoverable（可恢复的,可获赔的） under the policy. Losses (attributable to（归因于…）discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress(避难港) following a sea peril as well as special charges arising fromloading, warehousing and forwarding （转发送）of the goods at an intermediateport of call（中途挂靠港） or refuge（避难港）)are also covered in FPA.

2.With Average (WA)水渍险

WA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from (可获赔)the insurer resulting from natural calamities. Thatis the only difference between WA and FPA in PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses. 

 3.All Risks(一切险）

All Risks coverage is the most widely used in the transport of marine cargo because it provides better coverage than FPA/WA types.Aside from the risks covered under FPA/WA types, it also provides insuranceagainst all risks of loss of or damage to the cargoinsured(被保险货物) arising from external causes (外来原因）in the course of transit. The All Risks does not cover risks of war, strike and other specialadditional risks such as failure to delivery,import duty, on deck, rejection, aflatoxin etc.(交货不到险，进口关税险，舱面险，拒收险，黄曲霉素险 ). The general additional risks such as theft, pilferage & non-deliveryrisks(偷窃提货不着险), fresh water and/or rain damage risks（淡水雨淋险）, shortage risks（短量险）, intermixture andcontamination risks（混杂，沾污险）, leakage risks（渗漏险）, clash and breakage risks（碰损破碎险）, taintof odour risks（串味险）, sweat and heating risks（受潮受热险）, hook damage risks（钩损险）, breakageof packing risks（包装破损险）and rust risks（锈损险）are covered in All Risks coverage. 

4.Exclusions(除外责任)

FPA,WA and All Risks do not cover：

(1) loss ordamage caused by the intentional act or fault ofthe assured(被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失);

(2) loss or damage falling under theliability of the consignor（属于发货人的责任所引起的损失）

(3) loss or damage arising from the inferior quality or shortageof the insured goods prior to the attachment of the insurance（在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失）

(4) loss or damage arising from ordinaryloss, inherent vice or nature of the insured goods andloss or expense caused by fall of market prices,delay in transit（被保险货物的自然损耗、固有缺陷、特性以及市价跌落、运输延迟所引起的损失或费用）

(5) risk and liabilities covered andexcluded by the ocean marine(cargo)war risks clauses and strike clause(2009)ofPICC Property and Casualty Company Limited（中国人民财产保险公司海洋运输货物战争险和罢工险条款（2009）规定的责任范围和除外责任）.

Institute Cargo Clauses2009

• 《协会货物条款》最早制定于1912年，英国伦敦保险协会在对旧的货物保险条款进行修订的基础上，于1982年1月1日推出“协会货物保险ABC条款”，取代了旧的平安险、水渍险和一切险。同时还推出的还有协会战争险、协会罢工险和恶意损害险。并于1983年4月1日起正式实行。同时，新的保险单格式代替原来的S.G..标准保险单格式，也自同日起使用。

Institute Cargo Clauses 2009 include Institute Cargo Clauses A,B andC. Institute Cargo Clauses(A) covers all risk of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as（除…之外） excluded by the provisions of Clauses4,5,6 and7 in the Institute Cargo Clauses(A). (除外责任以外的任何风险)

• 协会货物条款2009年包括协会货物条款A,B和C。协会货物保险条款（A）涵盖保险标的的所有损失或损害的风险，但在协会货物条款（A）中规定的除外，如第4、5、6和7条所规定的除外。

 Institute Cargo Clauses (B) mainly covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured reasonably attributable to fire or explosion(火灾或爆炸), vessel collision（船舶碰撞）, discharge of cargo at a port of distress（在避难港卸货）, earthquake（地震）,volcanic eruption（火山爆发） or lightning（闪电）, general average sacrifice（共同海损牺牲）, jettison（抛货） or washing overboard（浪击落海）.(自然灾害 +海上意外事故+共同海损)

• 协会货物条款（B）主要包括因火灾或爆炸、船舶碰撞、在避难港口卸货、地震、火山爆发或闪电、共同海损牺牲、弃货或被浪冲击落水的货物损失而引起的保险标的的损失或损害。

Institute Cargo Clauses(C) mainly covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured reasonably attributable to fire or explosion, vessel collision, discharge of cargo at a port of distress, general average sacrifice, jettison.(海上意外事故+共同海损) 

• 协会货物保险条款(C)主要包括因火灾或爆炸、船舶碰撞、货物在避难港口卸货、共同海损牺牲、弃货而造成的损失或损害。

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【拓展阅读】中国人保海洋运输货物保险条款（2009版）

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