课堂教学
StepⅠ Check class attendance
StepⅡ Reading practice
Thinking 1.如何用英文表达某个数值维持在某个特定水平？
2.新能源汽车免税政策延期将对国内新能源汽车市场带来什么影响？
文章背景
9月26日，财政部、税务总局、工业和信息化部发布公告称，对购置日期在2023年1月1日至2023年12月31日期间内的新能源汽车免征车辆购置税。现行的免征新能源汽车购置税政策原本将于今年底结束，此次确定延期一年，无疑将为新能源汽车市场再次注入动能。新能源车购置税免征政策延期将为国内的新能源汽车市场带来什么样的拉动作用呢？一起在本期China Daily精读计划中寻找答案吧。
新能源汽车免税政策延期，传递出了什么信号？
NEV tax exemptions(省略"are") extended until end-2023
China's latest efforts（政策、活动、举措） to extend the tax exemption policy for new energy vehicle purchases are expected to further stimulate（刺激，促进） consumer buying sentiment and inject strong impetus into the automobile market, industry experts said.
译文：近日，中国新能源汽车购置税免征政策延期。业内专家表示，此举预计将进一步刺激消费者购买热情，为汽车市场注入强劲活力。对照中文发现作者用名词性结构表达新能源车免税政策延期，本可以用主谓宾的格式--China has recently extended the tax exemption policy for new energy vehicle purchases which are expected to further stimulate consumer buying sentiment and inject strong impetus into the automobile market.再用定语从句表达其带来的后果。但是作者用effort+to do 这一结构表达了“免税延期这一政策”运用了名词结构后面连接谓语以及政策预计所产生的结果，所有的信息一气呵成，处理为一整个紧凑的句子；而在译文中我们做了动词化处理将一个英文句子拆解为几个独立的短句子。英语是以动词为中心的繁复形态语言，一个句子里只能存在一个谓语动词，而名词的表意功能很强，当要表达复杂的谓语时就需要借助名词化结构，此外名词化的语言表达结构也能使英语语言结构更加简洁紧凑，并且不带人称和时间，不将有主观意识的人牵扯进来，进一步增强语言的客观性和抽象逻辑性，因此语言的名词化在英语的正式书面体中较为多见；反观汉语，汉语由于重名词而为非形态语，动词不受形态的束缚，使用时很灵活方便，因而我们在英译汉的时候经常将名词化的静态英语语言译为动词化的汉语语言。书写英语文章需要多借助名词化手段将信息处理为结构紧凑的句子。
China will extend the exemption of purchase taxes （购置税）on NEVs, which was originally scheduled to expire by the end of this year, to the end of 2023,（定语从句作为插入语，补充解释背景信息） according to a notice issued（非谓语动词后置定语，发布 ）by the Ministry of Finance, the State Taxation Administration and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Monday.
The NEVs include pure electric vehicles（PEV纯动汽车），plug-in hybrid electric vehicles（PHEV混动汽车）and fuel-cell vehicles（FCV燃料电池汽车）.The move（举措）is expected to bolster the development of the NEV industry and spur consumption of automobiles, said the notice.
The country first began exempting NEVs from purchase taxes in 2014, and this is the third time that the tax-exemption policy has been extended. The latest extension is expected to waive 100 billion yuan ($13.98 billion) in taxes.
China's NEVs segment has witnessed(see/experience 表示经历了...)rapid growth this year. Retail sales of NEVs in China surged 111.2 percent year-on-year（同比）to 529,000 (=from a year earlier to a year ago)units in August, according to the China Passenger Car Association.
In the first eight months, retail sales of NEVs in China stood at 3.262 million units, skyrocketing（现在分词作状语补充解释）119.7 percent year-on-year, said the CPCA.（此句为数据学术型写作的标准句型）
"Currently, sales of NEVs account for about 22 percent of overall auto consumption. The extension of NEV purchase tax exemptions will enhance consumers' purchasing willingness and give a big boost to（为..提供强劲助推力）sales of NEVs," said Zhang Xiang, a researcher at the Automobile Industry Innovation Research Center（汽车创新产业研究中心）,which is part of the North China University of Technology in Beijing.
Chinese NEV manufacturers should step up efforts（致力于）in the research and development of NEVs and launch（发布）new models of vehicles, Zhang said, adding（现在分词作伴随状语）that sales of NEVs are mainly focused on first- and second-tier（线）cities（一二线城市), but there is plenty of room for growth in lower-tier cities, townships（乡镇<town）and rural areas(农村).
Wang Tingting, associate economics professor （经济学副教授）at the Southwest University of Political Science and Law（西南政法大学）in Chongqing, said extending the purchase tax-free policy is conducive to(有助于) further unleashing consumption potential, stimulating （现在分词作结果状语）people's spending on NEVs and promoting production and technological innovation of NEVs.
1.
New Energy Vehicle (NEV) 新能源汽车
【对应】fuel/petrol vehicle 燃油车
2. exemption /ɪgˈzempʃn/ n. 免除；豁免
【释】official permission not to do sth or pay sth that you would normally have to do or pay
【例】She was given exemption from the final examination. 她已获准期末免试。
exempt /ɪɡˈzempt/ exempt sb. from doing/sth.
v. 免除；豁免
【释】to give or get sb's official permission not to do sth or not to pay sth they would normally have to do or pay
【例1】His bad eyesight exempted him from military service. 他因视力不好而免服兵役。
【例2】In 1983, charities were exempted from paying the tax. 1983年，慈善团体均免付税款。
3.effort /ˈefət/ n. 有组织的活动
【释】a particular activity that a group of people organize in order to achieve sth
【例1】the Russian space effort 俄罗斯航天计划
【例2】the United Nations' peacekeeping effort 联合国的维和行动
4.sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/
n.（基于情感的）观点，看法；情绪 （学术论文的常用词汇）
【释】 a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions
【例1】Public sentiment is on the side of/against economic reform. 绝大部分民众支持/反对经济改革。
【例2】
— If it goes ahead, it will be the nightmare scenario. 这件事如果发展下去，一定会酿成灾难。
— My sentiments exactly. 我也这么认为。
5.impetus /ˈɪmpɪtəs/ n. 动力；推动；促进；刺激
【释】something that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly.
【例】His articles provided the main impetus for change. 他的那些文章是促进变革的主要推动力。
6.hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ n. 1) 杂种动物；杂交植物；杂种
【释】an animal or plant that has parents of different species or varieties
【例】A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse. 骡子是公驴和母马交配而生的杂种动物。
2)（不同事物的）混合物，合成物
【释】something that is the product of mixing two or more different things
【例1】hybrid meat products 混合肉制品
【例2】Chinese consumers have expressed a strong desire to try products that they perceive to be innovative or deliver added values not previously available to them, which could give hybrid products a competitive edge over existing mock meats. 中国消费者对于其认为是创新型或能创造其此前无法获取的附加价值的产品表现出了强烈的消费欲望，这就使得混合肉制品相比现有的仿生肉制品更有竞争优势。
7.bolster /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/ n. （长而厚的）垫枕
【释】a long thick pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows
v. 1) 巩固
【释】If someone tries to bolster their position in a situation, they try to strengthen it.
【例】The country is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy. 这个国家可自由采取措施来巩固经济。
2) 改善；加强
【释】to improve sth or made it stronger
【例】Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy. 利率下降可能有助于改善经济。
8.spur /spɜː(r)/ n. 马刺；靴刺
【释】a sharp pointed object that riders sometimes wear on the heels of their boots and use to encourage their horse to go faster
v.
1) 策（马）前进；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速
【释】to encourage a horse to go faster, especially by pushing the spurs on your boots into its side
2) 促进，加速，刺激（某事发生）
【释】to make sth happen faster or sooner
【例】The agreement is essential to spurring economic growth around the world. 这项协议对于促进世界经济的增长是至关重要的。
9.waive /weɪv/ v. 放弃（权利、要求等 ）（政治性较强）
【释】to choose not to demand sth in a particular case, even though you have a legal or official right to do so
【例1】He pledged guilty to the murders of three boys and waived his right to appeal. 他对杀害了三个男孩的罪行供认不讳，并放弃上诉的权利。
【例2】The art gallery waives admission charges on Sundays. 美术馆星期天免费开放。
10.year on year （数字、价格等）与上年同期相比；同比
【释】used to compare financial results with those of the same period in the previous year
【例】Spending has increased year on year/from a year earlier/compared with a year ago. 与去年同期比较，开销增加了。
month on month
（数字、价格等）与上一连续统计周期相比；环比
【释】used to compare financial results, sales, etc. for one month with those in previous months
【例】On a month-on-month basis, CPI increased 0.5 percent. CPI月环比增长了0.5%。
11.stand at 达特定水平（或数量、高度等）表稳定
【释】to be at a particular level, amount, height, etc.
【例】The world record then stood at 6.59 meters. 当时的世界记录是6.59米。
1) level off/out
①（飞机在爬升或俯冲后）水平飞行
【释】If an aircraft levels off or levels out, it travels horizontally after having been travelling in an upward or downward direction.
【例】The aircraft levelled out at about 30,000 feet. 飞机在大约三万英尺的高度水平飞行。
② 趋向稳定
【释】If a changing number or amount levels off or levels out, it stops increasing or decreasing at such a fast speed.
【例】Researchers say the world’s population will level off at （+数据）about 9 billion in the middle of he century. 研究人员称，到本世纪中期，全球人口将会稳定在90亿左右。
2) peak/bottom at... 在……达到顶峰/低谷
【例】Unemployment peaked at 17%. 失业率达到17%的最高点。
12.skyrocket /ˈskaɪrɒkɪt/ v. 飞涨；猛涨
【释】to rise quickly to a very high level
【例】The number of tourists to China is skyrocketing this year. 今年到中国观光的游客数量正在急速上升。
【同义词】surge, soar, jump, hike hiking prices（价格飞涨）
13.boost /buːst/ v. 使增长；使兴旺
【释】to make sth increase, or become better or more successful
【例1】to boost exports/profits 增加出口/提高提润
【例2】to boost sb’s confidence/morale 增加某人的信心/士气
n. 帮助；激励
【释】something that helps or encourages sb/sth
【用法】give a boost to...
【例】The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy. 减税将给经济带来迫切需要的推动力。
14.tier /tɪə(r)/ n. 级；阶；层
【释】a row or layer of sth that has served rows or layers placed one above the other
【例】The seating is arranged in tiers. 座位是一级级排列的。
15.conducive /kənˈdjuːsɪv/
adj. 使容易（或有可能）发生的；（对某事）有助益的 contribute to
【释】making it easy, possible or likely for sth to happen
【例】Wherever or however people end up working, the experience of living in a pandemic is not conducive to creative thought. 无论人们最终困在何地以何种方式工作，疫情期间的生活体验都不利于创造性思维。
16.unleash /ʌnˈliːʃ/ v. 发泄；突然释放；使爆发 （突然松绑的动作）
【释】to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have an effect
【例】The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press. 政府的提案引发了新闻界的抗议浪潮。
