课堂教学

StepⅠ Check class attendance

StepⅡ Oral practice

Ministry to reduce examinations for students in elementary and     middle  schools

Thinking: 1、“减负”和“双减”用英语怎么说？

                  2、“whistle-blowing”是什么意思？

https://chenxidaily.auoktalk.com/?appId=wx330118ea16c3854c 

Students in first and second grade should have no written exams while students in other grades at primary schools should only have one final exam every semester, the Ministry of Education said on Monday. 

In a notice aimed at reducing the excessive academic workload of primary and middle school students, the ministry said middle schools will be allowed to organize one test in the middle of the semester and one at the end. 

Some schools have organized too many tests that are too difficult. 

As a result, students have to frequently study hard, leading to an exam-oriented education and a heavy academic burden, the ministry said, adding that the practice has harmed students' psychological and physical health and must be rectified. 

The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, while the number of questions focusing on rote learning should be reduced, the notice said.

Moreover, the exam results should be divided into four or five grades, without giving specific scores, the notice added. 

Parents and students should be notified of the results in appropriate ways, and the results should not be ranked or published. 

The new notice came as the country has taken a wide range of measures to alleviate pressure on students and parents and ensure the fair nature of compulsory education. 

A previous notice issued by the ministry banned written homework for first and second graders and homework exceeding one hour for students in other primary school grades and 90 minutes for middle school students. 

A guideline issued by the central authorities late last month asked tutoring companies to register as nonprofit organizations and banned them from offering curriculum-based training to students in primary and middle schools during weekends, holidays and winter and summer vacations. 

Hu Yanpin, an official with the ministry's office of national education inspection, said reducing students' homework and after-school tutoring burden is one of the top priorities of education inspections this year. 

The whistle-blowing channels set up by the office have received more than 8,000 reports from the public concerning misconduct by tutoring companies and schools, and the office will organize special inspection teams to verify the reports, Hu said. 

A slew of measures will be taken to correct misconduct and punish those who breach the guidelines, including having talks with local governments and holding local governments with slow progress accountable. 

The office is determined to effectively reduce students' homework and tutoring burden and parents' financial burden in one year and achieve significant outcomes in three years, Hu said.

 Lyu Yugang, director of the ministry's department of basic education, said that more reforms should be carried out in school education to make sure teachers teach everything in the national syllabus and students can learn enough during school hours to alleviate parents' anxieties about their children's education.

Notes: 

1、excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv/  adj. 过多的；过度的

【释】greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate
【例】Excessive drinking can lead to stomach disorders. 酗酒可能引起胃病。

excess [ɪkˈses]  adj. 超额的；额外的；附加的；过度的
【释】in addition to an amount that is necessary, usual or legal
【例】Excess food is stored as fat. 多余的食物作为脂肪贮存起来。
n.  1) 超过；过度
【释】more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
【例】He started drinking to excess after losing his job. 他失业后便开始酗酒。
    2) 过多的量；超过的量
【释】an amount by which sth is larger than sth else
【例】We cover costs up to ￡600 and then you pay the excess. 我们最多支付600英镑的费用，超过的部分由你支付

2、workload /ˈwɜːkləʊd/   n. 工作量；工作负担

【释】the amount of work that has to be done by a particular person or organization
【例】We have taken on extra staff to cope with the increased workload. 我们已经额外雇用员工来应付增加了的工作量。

拓展    load    n. 工作量；负载     v. 承载；装入

3、oriented /ˈɔːrientɪd/      adj. 以……为方向的；重视……的

【释】mainly concerned with
【例1】Our students are oriented towards science subjects. 我们教的学生都是理科方向的。
【例2】We run a commercially oriented operation. 我们经营一个商业性的企业。

4、psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/  adj.   1) 心理的；精神上的

【释】connected with a person's mind and the way in which it works

【例】Abuse can lead to both psychological and emotional problems. 虐待可造成心理和情绪上的问题。 

2) 心理学的 【释】connected with the study of psychology

【例1】psychological research 心理学研究

【例2】psychological counseling 心理咨询

拓展：1) psychology n. 心理学     2) psychologically adv. 精神上的

5、rectify /ˈrektɪfaɪ/v. 矫正；改正  【释】to put right sth that is wrong

【例】We must take steps to rectify the situation. 我们一定要采取措施整顿局面。

拓展：1) rectified adj. 改正的       2) rectifiable adj. 可改正的  

         3) rectification n. 改正；矫正

6、rote /rəʊt/    n. 死记硬背

【释】the process of learning sth by repeating it until you remember it rather than by understanding the meaning of it

【例】He is very sceptical about the value of rote learning. 他十分怀疑死记硬背学习的价值。

learn by rote/rote learning 死记硬背式学习

7. notify /ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ/  v. 通知 【释】to formally or officially tell sb about sth

【例】Competition winners will be notified by post. 将发信通知竞赛的优胜者。 

notify sb of sth/notify sth to sb 通知某人某事

【例】The police must be notified of the date of the demonstration./The date of the demonstration must be notified to the police. 必须向警方报告游行示威的日期。

8. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət; əˈprəʊprieɪt/   adj. 合适的；恰当的

【释】suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances

【例】Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。

9.  alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/   v. 减轻；缓解  【释】to make sth less severe

【例】A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem. 采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。

拓展：alleviation n. 缓和

10. nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/   n. 

1) 本质；基本性质  【释】the basic qualities of a thing

【例】It's difficult to define the exact nature of the problem. 很难给这个问题确切定性。

2) 天性；本性 【释】the usual way that a person or an animal behaves that is part of their character

【例】She is very sensitive by nature. 她生性很敏感。

11. compulsory /kəmˈpʌlsəri/    adj.（因法律或规则而）强制的；必须做的

【释】that must be done because of a law or a rule

【例】English is a compulsory subject at this level. 英语在这一级别是必修科目。

拓展：compulsory education/schooling 义务教育   compulsory course 必修课

12. issue /ˈɪʃuː; ˈɪsjuː/   v.

1) 宣布；公布     【释】to make sth known formally

【例】They issued a joint statement denying the charges. 他们发表联合声明否认指控。

2) 发给；供给     【释】to give sth to sb, especially officially

【例】New members will be issued with a temporary identity card. 新成员将配发临时身份卡。

13. grader /ˈɡreɪdə(r)/   n. 特定年级的学生 

【释】a student who is in the grade mentioned

【例】The play is open to all seventh and eighth graders. 所有七、八年级的学生均可观看此剧。

14. guideline /ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn/    n. 指导原则；准则

【释】rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to do sth, especially sth difficult

【例】The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill. 政府制定了对待精神病人的指导方针。

15. nonprofit /nɑnˈprɑfɪt/   adj. 非营利的

【释】not run with the aim of making a profit

【例】Most of that money goes to nonprofit organizations that run programmes for the poor. 那笔钱的大部分用于从事扶贫项目的非营利性组织。

16. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/   n. 课程

【释】the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.

【例】Spanish is in the curriculum. 西班牙语已纳入课程内容。

17. official /əˈfɪʃəl/   n. 官员

【释】a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization

【例】a senior official in the State Department 国务院的高级官员

officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/   n. 军官；警官；政府官员

18. inspection /ɪnˈspekʃən/   n.

1) 视察  【释】an official visit to a school, factory, etc. in order to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable

【例】The head went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms. 校长巡视了所有教室。

2) 检查 【释】the act of looking closely at sth/sb, especially to check that everything is as it should be

【例】The documents are available for inspection. 这些文件可供查看。

19. reducing students' homework and after-school tutoring burden

“双减”（减少学生的作业负担和校外培训负担）

20. whistle-blowing /'wisəlbləuiŋ/  n. 举报；检举

whistle [ˈwɪsl]  n. 1) 哨子 【释】a small metal tube that you blow in order to produce a loud sound and attract someone's attention

【例】On the platform, the guard blew his whistle. 站台上，警卫吹响了他的哨子。

【搭配】blow the whistle on 举报，揭发

【例】Companies should protect employees who blow the whistle on dishonest workmates and work practices. 公司应该保护那些揭发不诚实的同事和不良工作行为的员工。

2) 哨子声  【释】the sound made by blowing a whistle

【例】He scored the winning goal just seconds before the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前的几秒钟内打进了制胜的一球。

v.  1) 吹哨子  【释】to make a high sound or a musical tune by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed

【例】He whistled in amazement. 他惊愕地吹了个口哨。

2) 鸣叫；呼啸    【释】to make a high sound

【例】The kettle began to whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。

21. misconduct /ˌmɪsˈkɑndʌkt/   n. 失职

【释】unacceptable behaviour, especially by a professional person

【例】A psychologist was found guilty of serious professional misconduct yesterday. 昨天一名心理学家被判严重的失职罪。

22. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/  v. 核实；核查 【释】to check that sth is true or accurate

【例】We have no way of verifying his story. 我们无法核实他所说的情况。

23. slew /slu/  n. 大量；许多  【释】a large number or amount of sth 

【搭配】a slew of... 许多……

【例】There have been a whole slew of shooting incidents. 已经发生过大量枪击案。

v. 突然转向；急转

【释】to turn or slide suddenly in another direction; to make a vehicle do this【例】The car skidded and slewed sideways. 汽车打滑，向一侧偏去。

24. breach /briːtʃ/  v. 违背 

【释】to not keep to an agreement or not keep a promise

【例】The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty. 政府被控违反条约中的规定。

n.  1) 违背  【释】a failure to do sth that must be done by law

【例】They are in breach of Article 119. 他们违犯了第119条。

     2) 缺口  【释】an opening that is created during a military attack or by strong winds or seas

【例】They escaped through a breach in the wire fence. 他们从铁丝网上的一个缺口逃走了。

25. talk /tɔːk/  n. 洽谈；会谈

【释】formal discussions between governments or organizations

【例】Talks between management and workers broke down. 劳资双方的谈判破裂了。

【搭配】talks between A and B on/over sth A与B就某事的谈判/会谈

v. 讨论；商谈
【释】to discuss sth, usually sth serious or important
【例】This situation can't go on. We need to talk. 这种情况不能再继续下去了。我们需要谈一谈。

26. accountable /əˈkaʊntəbl/  adj. 负有责任的

【释】responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked

【例】Politicians are ultimately accountable to the voters. 从政者最终是向选民负责。

拓展： hold sb accountable for sth/to sb 让某人为某事/某人负责

【例】Someone must be held accountable for the killings. 必须有人要对这些凶杀事件负责。

27. syllabus /ˈsɪləbəs/  n. 教学大纲

【释】an outline or summary of the subjects to be covered in a course

【例】The course syllabus consisted mainly of novels by African-American authors. 该课程的教学大纲主要包括了非裔美国作家的小说。

• 长难句分析翻译：

• 1、As a result, students have to frequently study hard, leading to an exam-oriented education and a heavy academic burden, the ministry said, adding that the practice has harmed students' psychological and physical health and must be rectified.

• 2、A previous notice issued by the ministry banned written homework for first and second graders and homework exceeding one hour for students in other primary school grades and 90 minutes for middle school students.

• 
  

• StepⅢ Part 1

• Task 1-4

• Episode 1

Step Ⅳ Homework

Preview;  Oral practice