21级通用学术英语读写

林琳

目录

  • 1 第一课时
    • 1.1 Course Objectives
    • 1.2 Reading Research Articles
      • 1.2.1 Reading titles for prediction
    • 1.3 Writing Research Articles
      • 1.3.1 Writing a working title
        • 1.3.1.1 Understanding the characteristics of a research article
        • 1.3.1.2 Components of a title
        • 1.3.1.3 Titles in 4 grammatical constructions
        • 1.3.1.4 Writing techniques
    • 1.4 Literature Retrieval （文献检索）
    • 1.5 Keywords
  • 2 Abstract
    • 2.1 Reading the abstract
      • 2.1.1 Lingusitics features of Abstract
        • 2.1.1.1 Tense
        • 2.1.1.2 Formality
    • 2.2 Writing an abstract (P217)
  • 3 Introduction
    • 3.1 Reading the introduction
    • 3.2 Writing the introduction
      • 3.2.1 Writing the initial sentences in the introduction
      • 3.2.2 Expressing the objective or purpose
      • 3.2.3 Turning the research question into the objective
      • 3.2.4 Indicating the gap to be filled
      • 3.2.5 Postulating the hypothesis
    • 3.3 Bridging Course (衔接课程为自主学习部分）
      • 3.3.1 Vocabulary
      • 3.3.2 Paraphrase
      • 3.3.3 Listening comprehension
  • 4 Literature review
    • 4.1 Literature review
    • 4.2 Listening strategy
      • 4.2.1 Identify different structures of the body part in the lecture
      • 4.2.2 Identify the conclusion of the lecture
    • 4.3 Bridging courses
      • 4.3.1 Grammar
    • 4.4 Compilation of literature (如何整理文献）
  • 5 Methods section
    • 5.1 Writing methods section
  • 6 Results section
    • 6.1 Writing results section
  • 7 Discussion and conclusion
    • 7.1 Writing discussion section
  • 8 Lingusitic features of academic articles
    • 8.1 Nominalization
    • 8.2 The use of single , formal verbs (P188)
    • 8.3 Impersonal structure (passive strucuture) (P187)
    • 8.4 Premodification (前置限定语）
    • 8.5 Hedging expressions.（ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ　定义））
      • 8.5.1 Types of hedging expressions (类别）
    • 8.6 Impersonal structure
  • 9 Academic skills
    • 9.1 Paraphrase (转述）
      • 9.1.1 Strategy (转述方法）
    • 9.2 Definition
      • 9.2.1 Definition :  Flipped classroom model  (翻转课堂模式）
    • 9.3 Summary
      • 9.3.1 Identifying the main ideas  and topic sentences
      • 9.3.2 Writing a summary
        • 9.3.2.1 Writing Strategy
    • 9.4 Synthesizing(P138)
      • 9.4.1 Summary and Synthesis
        • 9.4.1.1 Refutation of an argument  (批驳类作文写法）
    • 9.5 Citation
      • 9.5.1 Citation
        • 9.5.1.1 Citation types
        • 9.5.1.2 Citation methods
          • 9.5.1.2.1 Quotations
          • 9.5.1.2.2 Summarizing
          • 9.5.1.2.3 Paraphrasing
        • 9.5.1.3 Citation function
        • 9.5.1.4 Verbs used to report past studies
  • 10 Academic integrity
    • 10.1 How to avoid plagiarism
  • 11 Academic Listening
    • 11.1 Listening strategy1
      • 11.1.1 Identifying the topic of a lecture
        • 11.1.1.1 Watch the video clip and do the following comprehensive exercise
      • 11.1.2 Listening strategy2
        • 11.1.2.1 Identify the signal language （textbook p80)）
        • 11.1.2.2 Identifying the type of introduction.
        • 11.1.2.3 Understanding definition
  • 12 Academic lecture
    • 12.1 Oral presentation
      • 12.1.1 Paying attention to the introduction.
        • 12.1.1.1 How to open a presentation(textbook p76)这不是任务点不用做，对演讲展示感兴趣的同学可以看，不感兴趣可以不用看
  • 13 Review
    • 13.1 Review
Summary

In a research essay  , not only direct quotations and paraphrase as outside sources are used to support the idea  , summaries are often good supporting details .

The following steps may be useful to a successful summary  : 

1) Read what you want to summarize carefully and make sure you understand it . 

2) Highlight topic sentences and concluding sentences .

3) Identify the key points or main ideas if there are no topic sentence

4) Delete supporting details , unimportant information , anecdotes , examples , illustration , data .etc. 

5) Paraphrase the main ideas by reducing complex sentences to simple sentences , simple sentences to phrases , phrases to single words.