目录

  • 1 第一课时
    • 1.1 Course Objectives
    • 1.2 Reading Research Articles
      • 1.2.1 Reading titles for prediction
    • 1.3 Writing Research Articles
      • 1.3.1 Writing a working title
        • 1.3.1.1 Understanding the characteristics of a research article
        • 1.3.1.2 Components of a title
        • 1.3.1.3 Titles in 4 grammatical constructions
        • 1.3.1.4 Writing techniques
    • 1.4 Literature Retrieval (文献检索)
    • 1.5 Keywords
  • 2 Abstract
    • 2.1 Reading the abstract
      • 2.1.1 Lingusitics features of Abstract
        • 2.1.1.1 Tense
        • 2.1.1.2 Formality
    • 2.2 Writing an abstract (P217)
  • 3 Introduction
    • 3.1 Reading the introduction
    • 3.2 Writing the introduction
      • 3.2.1 Writing the initial sentences in the introduction
      • 3.2.2 Expressing the objective or purpose
      • 3.2.3 Turning the research question into the objective
      • 3.2.4 Indicating the gap to be filled
      • 3.2.5 Postulating the hypothesis
    • 3.3 Bridging Course (衔接课程为自主学习部分)
      • 3.3.1 Vocabulary
      • 3.3.2 Paraphrase
      • 3.3.3 Listening comprehension
  • 4 Literature review
    • 4.1 Literature review
    • 4.2 Listening strategy
      • 4.2.1 Identify different structures of the body part in the lecture
      • 4.2.2 Identify the conclusion of the lecture
    • 4.3 Bridging courses
      • 4.3.1 Grammar
    • 4.4 Compilation of literature (如何整理文献)
  • 5 Methods section
    • 5.1 Writing methods section
  • 6 Results section
    • 6.1 Writing results section
  • 7 Discussion and conclusion
    • 7.1 Writing discussion section
  • 8 Lingusitic features of academic articles
    • 8.1 Nominalization
    • 8.2 The use of single , formal verbs (P188)
    • 8.3 Impersonal structure (passive strucuture) (P187)
    • 8.4 Premodification (前置限定语)
    • 8.5 Hedging expressions.(definition 定义))
      • 8.5.1 Types of hedging expressions (类别)
    • 8.6 Impersonal structure
  • 9 Academic skills
    • 9.1 Paraphrase (转述)
      • 9.1.1 Strategy (转述方法)
    • 9.2 Definition
      • 9.2.1 Definition :  Flipped classroom model  (翻转课堂模式)
    • 9.3 Summary
      • 9.3.1 Identifying the main ideas  and topic sentences
      • 9.3.2 Writing a summary
        • 9.3.2.1 Writing Strategy
    • 9.4 Synthesizing(P138)
      • 9.4.1 Summary and Synthesis
        • 9.4.1.1 Refutation of an argument  (批驳类作文写法)
    • 9.5 Citation
      • 9.5.1 Citation
        • 9.5.1.1 Citation types
        • 9.5.1.2 Citation methods
          • 9.5.1.2.1 Quotations
          • 9.5.1.2.2 Summarizing
          • 9.5.1.2.3 Paraphrasing
        • 9.5.1.3 Citation function
        • 9.5.1.4 Verbs used to report past studies
  • 10 Academic integrity
    • 10.1 How to avoid plagiarism
  • 11 Academic Listening
    • 11.1 Listening strategy1
      • 11.1.1 Identifying the topic of a lecture
        • 11.1.1.1 Watch the video clip and do the following comprehensive exercise
      • 11.1.2 Listening strategy2
        • 11.1.2.1 Identify the signal language (textbook p80))
        • 11.1.2.2 Identifying the type of introduction.
        • 11.1.2.3 Understanding definition
  • 12 Academic lecture
    • 12.1 Oral presentation
      • 12.1.1 Paying attention to the introduction.
        • 12.1.1.1 How to open a presentation(textbook p76)这不是任务点不用做,对演讲展示感兴趣的同学可以看,不感兴趣可以不用看
  • 13 Review
    • 13.1 Review
Writing results section

To facilitate the readers, understanding, you may use two patterns: 

1) highlight the main results in a single sentence placed in the very beginning of a paragraph (Example 1)

2) report the result right after the location of the results (Example 2). 

At the beginning, the topic sentence contains the main results, you then select related data to support it. Steps are:

• Analyze data obtained and find related data.

• Find the meaningful results (shown in the trends and/or irregularities in the data).

• Synthesize the results into a pattern and fit them into the answers to the research questions raised in the Introduction section.

• Use the TS-SS structure by beginning the data presentation with a topic sentence which contain the findings or the answers, and then writing supporting sentences of examples and figures.

• Avoid duplicating the data you showed in tables and/or figures when describing the tables and figures. Instead, you may tell the meaning of the data, which may not show in the table or figure. For instance, you may write “Warming increased methane emissions by a factor of 3.4 (p<0.05)“ instead of "Warming significantly increased methane emissions by a factor of 3.4” 

Example 1 :


The wide gap between the women's expressed opinions about infant feeding and what they actually practiced is further \ underscored by the data in table 8. Contrary to their actual practice as indicated in table 6, 50% of these mothers believed that infants aged three to six months thrived best on breast-feeding alone, while about 35% shared the view that a combination of  breast- and bottle-feeding was the right answer (table 8). There was some suggestive evidence from the studies that bottle feeding was not very strongly or extensively promoted by the hospital/clinic staff attending these mothers, although quite a number of the women (22%) claimed that they received free milk samples for an ill-defined period after delivery of their babies (tables 9 and 10). 

Example 2:

The results are shown in Table 3. Remarkably, every classifer achieves significantly higher than random guessing (AUC- j )C=0.5). The results confirm the feasibility of forecasting severe depression based on individual histories. LSTM-RNN (all) tperforms SVM (all) regardless of n values. From the results, we confirm that LSTM-RNN appropriately processes time series ormation to forecast severe depression. Compared by feature sets, all shows higher AUC-ROC than severe only. Therefore, » confirm that fine-grained information such as moods at different parts ... These results are inconsistent with previous studies it have shown a correlation between sleeping irregularity and negative moods [37]. We consider the absence of contribution these features is caused by building a single predictive model among all users in the dataset. Some users might suffer m severe depression without attending hospitals or taking medicines. This result thus implies that stratifying users to create Htiple predictive models for each group might improve forecasting performance.

以下内容结合四六级考研写作