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1 Grammar
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2 Translation
Grammar in Context
Directions: Observe the following sentences from both Text A and Text B, paying special attention to the anticipatory (先行词) “it”. Then do the following two tasks.
1) It is a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort,… (Para. 6, Text A)
2) We must break the silence, making it safe for you to reach out for compassion. (Para.12, Text B)
先行词 it 作形式主语、宾语
先行词it 用作形式主语、形式宾语，是指先行词it在主语或宾语的位置，真正的主语或宾语是后面的不定式、动名词或名词性从句。
一、作形式主语。主要用于“It is+ adj. /n. + doing / to do / that…”句型。例如：
1. It is silly of him to do so.
2. It’s no good waiting here.
3. Is it certain that they will win?
4. It’s my duty to help you improve English.
二、作形式宾语。主要用于以下句型：
1. vt. (find, think, make, etc. ) + it + adj. / n. + doing / to do / that…例如：
1. He made it a rule never to eat between meals.
2. We found it no good arguing with him.
3. I’ll make it clear to you that failure is the mother of success.
2. vt. (enjoy, like, love, hate, prefer, appreciate, take, etc. ) + it+ if / when… 例如：
1. I don’t like it if you arrive late.
2. She hates it when he uses her pen.
3. I take it that you have been out.
3. see to it that…/ depend on it that… （因介词后通常不接that从句，故用 it 作形式宾语）。例如：
1. See to it that you are not late again.
2. You may depend upon it that we shall never lose heart.
4. take it for granted that… 例如：
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.
Now, do the tasks on Pages 159-160 in your textbooks.
