Grammar in Context

1.     Study the following sentences containing “no matter what”, “whenever”and “whatever.”

1)    And whenever those hands sought mine in the final days of his life, he pressed them both together around one of my hands.     (Para. 1, Text B, Unit 2)

2)    Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.     (Para. 6, Text B, Unit 3)

3)     We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.   

        (Para. 6, Text B, Unit 3)

wh- + ever 和 no matter wh- 

一、  语法意义

表示“无论什么……”，一般 wh-+ever 引入状语从句时，都等于 no matter wh-。

例如：

Whoever (= Nomatter who) you are, do your duty.

It has the same result, whichever ( = no matter which) way you do it.

Wherever ( = Nomatter where) he goes, he is happy to help others.

二、 wh- +ever  ≠ no matter wh- 的情况

  当 whatever, whichever 和 whoever 引入名词从句时，不能用 no matter wh- 替换。例如：

She gave whoever asked for a copy ofher latest paper.

Do whatever you like.

Whichever you take will be yours.

2.     The structure “it is…that / who…” is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following sentences taken from Text A.

1)     And it is those who desire the good oftheir friends for the friends’ sake that are most truly friends…(Para. 5)

2)     It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found… 

        (Para. 5)

强调句型  It is…that  / who…

一、基本语法意义

It is…that / who…  句型可用来强调句子中除了谓语动词的其他部分。例如：

1.    It was clearly the headmaster himself who / that opened the door. (强调主语)

2.    It was a New Year card that he sent me. (强调宾语)

3.    It was light blue that Ted painted his bedroom. (强调补语)

4.    It might have been in the store that I lost my wallet. (强调状语)

5.    It was not until he got a map that he started on his way. (强调状语)

注意：这样的句子中，可以去掉 It is … who/ that 这个外加成分，句意依然完整。以上例句去掉表示强调的成分后：

1.    Clearly the headmaster himself opened the door.

2.    He sent me a New Year card.

3.    Ted painted his bedroom light blue.

4.    I might have lost my wallet in the store that.

5.    He didn’t start on his way until he got a map.

Now do the tasks on Pages 82-83 in your textbooks.

Translation on PP83-84

Directions:  Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

1、以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。（ground; break up）

2、孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。（distinguish between）

3、当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知道是不合情理的。（sensible）

4、诸如背弃朋友（betrayal to friends）这类事情并不受法律制约，所以才有了我们称作的“道德法庭”。（regulate）

5、有人把今天的文化描述为“快餐文化”。无论做什么事，人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。（describe as）

6、常言道，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。（as the saying goes）

Directions:  Translate the following paragraph into English, using the words and expressions given.

ground        philosopher     possess       surpass

utility          virtue          as to         break up

have the courage of one's convictions         trials and tribulation

        大家普遍承认，人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。至于什么是友谊，我们已经学习了古希腊大哲学家亚里士多德、古罗马政治家西塞罗各自不同的定义。不可否认有些人交朋友仅仅是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。但更多的人渴望“心灵之友（soul pals）”，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。这样的友谊才是我们说的“真挚的友谊”。正是由于这些朋友的相伴，我们发现自己总在超越原来的自己，成为更好的人。