Lesson 3 Genes Chromosomes and Cell Division
一、Words and Expression
genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/ n.遗传学
trait /treɪt/ n.性状;特性,特点
heredity /həˈredəti/ n.遗传=继承,遗传性
variation /ˌveriˈeɪʃn/ n. 变异,变动,演变
recessiveness /rɪˈsesɪvnəs/ n.隐性
nondividing cell /ˌnɒndɪˈvaɪdɪŋ sel/ n.未分裂细胞
preparatory stage /prɪˈpærətɔːri:steidʒ/ n.预备期
embryonic /ˌembriˈɑːnɪk/ adj.胚胎的,萌芽期的,初期
centromere /ˈsentrəˌmɪr/ n.着丝粒,着丝点
spindle fiber /ˈspɪndlˈfaɪbər// n.纺锤丝
homolog /ˈhɑːməlɔːɡ/ n.同源染色体
diploid /ˈdɪplɔɪd/ n.二倍体
haploid /ˈhæplɔɪd/ n.单倍体
phenotype /ˈfiːnətaɪp/ n.表型,显性性状
allele /əˈliːl/ n.等位基因
allelomorph /əˈliləˌmɔrf/ n.等位基因
loci /ˈloʊkaɪˌˈloʊsaɪ/ n.位点,基因座,场所,轨迹
horned /hɔːrnd/ adj.有角的
polled /poʊld/ adj.无角的
genotype /ˈdʒenətaɪp/ n.基因型
heterozygous /ˌhetərəˈzaɪɡəs/ adj.杂合的
homozygous /ˌhoʊməˈzaɪɡəs/ adj.纯合子的
mitosis /maɪˈtoʊsɪs / n.有丝分裂
meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɪs/ n.减数分裂
gamete /ˈɡæmiːt/ n.配子
interphase /ˈɪntərˌfeɪz/ n.细胞分裂间期
prophase /ˈproʊˌfeɪz/ n.细胞分裂前期
metaphase /ˈmetəˌfeɪz/ n.细胞分裂中期
anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/ n.细胞分裂后期
telophase /ˈteləˌfeɪz/ n.细胞分裂末期
chromatid /ˈkroʊmətɪd/ n.染色单体
chromosome /ˈkroʊməsoʊm/ n.染色体
centriole /ˈsentrɪˌoʊl/ n.中心体
equatorial plane / iːkwəˈtɔːriəl pleɪn// n.赤道板
ovary /ˈoʊvəri/ n.卵巢
testes /ˈtestiːz/ n.睾丸(testis 的复数)
gonial(germ) cell /'gəʊnɪəl:sel/ n.生殖细胞;胚细胞
spermatogenesis /spɜːrˌmætoˈdʒenɪsɪs/ n.精子产生;精子形成
ovigenesis /ˌoəˈdʒenəsɪs/ n.成卵法;卵子形成
crossing-over /'krɔsiŋ'əuvə/ n.互换
tetrad /ˈtetræd/ n.四分染色体
secondary spermatocyte /ˈsekənderi spərˈmætəsaɪt/ n.次级精母细胞
polarbody /ˈpoʊlər ˈbɑːdi/ n.极体
monohybrid /ˌmɑːnoʊˈhaɪbrɪd/ n&adj. 单因子杂种(的)
monohybrid cross /ˌmɑːnoʊˈhaɪbrɪd krɔːs/ n.单基因杂种杂交
二、Sentence Structures and Analysis
1、Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with genes and their transmission from one generation to the next and their effects on external traits and characteristics.
2、Knowing how to apply genetic principles help us to eliminate defects,to select for resistance to diseases and stress,and to increase the productive ability of domestic animals.
3、All of these differences in the morphology of the chromosomes make it possible to distinguish one from another when they are observed in a dividing cell.
4、The activities of all cells working together in tissues, organs, and systems ultimately cause the animal to have a certain appearance or to behave in a certain manner.、
5、An understanding of how cells divide, and how chromosomes duplicate and are transmitted to daughter cells is vital to a fuller understanding of gene segregation and recombination.

