Chapter 5 Sense Relations ——Hyponymy
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Exercises
Hyponymy
1. Group the following words and give a term to cover each: hearts, Mercury, earth, lunch, diamonds, fire, Venus, breakfast, spades, dinner, Earth, water, Mars, supper, clubs, air, Saturn, Jupiter
2. One word of each pair is general in meaning and the other is more specific. Circle the general word.
1) cat, animal
2） instrument, flute
3) chair, furniture
4) food, fruit
5) liquid, water
6) emotion, love
7) occupation, teaching
8) captain, officer
9) ceremony, wedding
10) metal, iron
3. Comment on the following two sentences and then improve them by replacing the subordinates.
1) One of my relatives got a beautiful flower from the well-known market not long ago.
2) The millionaire spent a large sum of money for the picture by the famous artist.
Key:
1. patterns: hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs
planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth , Mars, Jupiter, Saturn
natural elements: earth, fire, water, air
meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper
2. 1) animal 2) instrument 3) furniture 4) food 5) liquid 6) emotion 7) occupation
8) officer 9) ceremony 10) metal
3. 1) This sentence conveys a very vague idea as a number of words are super-ordinates: relative, got, flower, well-known market, not long ago, which are to general. It can be improved by using their respective subordinates. My niece bought for two yuan a rare white rose at the Friendship Store Wednesday afternoon. The use of my niece, bought, a rare white rose, Friendship Store, Wednesday afternoon makes the sentence specific and definite.
2) Just like sentence 1), this sentence is also vague and general in terms of meaning. The words millionaire, a large sum of money, picture, famous artist belong to super-oreinates because each could be replaced by a more specific term. For example, Lock feller bought the painting “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci for $ 3 million ( Note: This is made up ). The improved sentence becomes clear and definite.
