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Chapter 1 Basic Concepts：Lexicology, Words and Vocabulary
1.词汇学的定义和研究范围
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The nature of English Lexicology: English lexicology is both a theoretically-oriented course and a practical course. On the one hand，it is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular; on the other hand，we have to deal with copious stocks of words and idioms with usage examples which is of great importance to language learning.
The scope of English Lexicology：English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents，their semantic structures, relations, historical development，formation and usages.
2. 本章相关概念释义
1）Morphology : the study of morpheme and their different forms
2）Semantics： the study of meaning
3）Polysemy : one of the characteristic features of words that one word has two or more meanings
4）Homonymy : one of the characteristic features of words that different words have the same pronunciation and the spelling forms but different in meanings
5）Synonymy: a relationship between (or among) words, in which a word has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word
6）Antonymy: a relationship between (or among) words in which a word is opposite in meaning to another word
7）Hyponymy: a relationship between two words, in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other word
8）Semantic field: the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another
9）Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning
10）Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer
11) Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries.
3. 历时与共时研究
Synchronic study : the study of a word or words at one particular point in time.
Diachronic study: an approach to lexicology which studies how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.
Contents: What is a word? What is vocabulary? What’s the relationship between sound, meaning and form? Classification of English words according to different criteria: basic word and non-basic vocabulary by use frequency; content words and functional words by notion; native words and borrowed words by origin
Objectives:
1.Introduce the aims of the course;
2. Help the students to understand why they should learn English lexicology and how English lexicology should be learned;
3.Help the students to know the basic concepts and the classification of words.
Difficult points: vocabulary; word; basic word stock; jargon; slang; argot; dialectal words; archaisms; neologism; native words; loan words; denizens, aliens; translation loans; semantic loans
Procedures:
1.Ask students questions about the reason why we make special efforts to learn lexicology. Enlighten students to understand the importance of words in a language.
2.Explain the definitions of word and vocabulary, and analyze the relationship between sound, meaning and form.
3.Guide students to focus on the classification of words according to different criteria. Explain the characteristics of basic word stock.
4.Ask students to underline the definitions of seven types of non-basic word stock, and help them to understand each of them.
5.Answer students’ questions (usually 5 minutes)
6.Assign homework
Exercises
1. Give a term for each of the following definitions.
a. sub-standard words often used on informal occasions ( )
b. specialized vocabulary common in certain professions ( )
c. words used by sup-cultural groups particularly by underground society ( )
d. words that have clear notions ( )
e. words of Anglo-Saxon origin( )
f. words borrowed by way of translation ( )
g. old words with new meanings( )
Key:
1. a. slang b. jargon c. argot d. content words e. native words f. translation loans g. neologisms
