Chapter 3   Morphological Structure and Word Formation

饶双燕老师录制的视频

第三章 英语词汇的形态结构与构词法

学时（课堂讲授学时+慕课学时）：5

主要内容：1.词素的概念和分类

2.常见的词根和词缀

3.构词法介绍：词缀法、复合法、转类法、拼缀法、截短法、首字母缩略法、逆生法，等等。

教学要求： 要求学生了解词素与词的区别，熟悉常见的词根和词缀，掌握主要的七种英语构词法

重点、难点：构词法

第一课时：形态结构 Morphological Structure

Contents: Morphemes. Classification of morphemes. Classification of words on morphemic level: roots, stem, base

Content morphemes known as free morphemes are those that mayconstitute words by themselves: cat, walk, kind, teach. Grammatical morphemes known asbound morphemes are those that must appear with at least one othermorpheme, either bound or free: cat + s, walk + ing, un + kind, teach + er.Sometimes words consist of two content morphemes: lighthouse, housework.

Objectives: 

1. Analyze the morphological structures of words and gain a working knowledge of the different word-forming elements. 

2. Expound the basic conceptions of morpheme and allomorph. 

3. Classify morphemes and differentiate root, stem and base. 

Difficult points:  morpheme; allomorph; free morpheme; bound morpheme; root; free root; bound root; affix; inflectional affix; derivational affix; characteristics of affixes; distinction of root, stem and base. 

Procedures: 

Step I  Brief review of the last lecture 

Step II  Presentation 

1.Tell students that this chapter is very basic to English lexicology and analyze words into smaller forms so that we can see word structures and meanings more clearly.

2.Explain the difference between morphs and allomorphs.

3.Attract students’ attention to the concept of “free” and “bound”. Ask students questions on why morphemes are called free or bound and what characteristics they have respectively.

4.Explain some characteristics of affixes which will be very helpful to their future independent English learning.

5.Explain the three concepts of root, stem and base with many examples on the screen. Ask students to figure out their differences 

Step III Answer students’ questions 

Step IV Homework 

　　Exercises

1. Explain the following terms: 

1) morpheme                                          2) allomorph 

  3) bound morpheme                               4) free morpheme 

5) affix                                                   6) inflectional affix 

7) derivational affix                                 8) root 

9) base 

2.Complete the following sentences with proper words according to the text. 

1) Structurally, a word is not the_________ unit because many words are analyzable or segmentable. 

2) The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of ___________. 

3) Morphemes fall into different classes by different criteria of classification. Now people tent to group morphemes into groups:_________ and _________. 

4) According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into groups:______ and_____. 

5) The number of inflectional affixes is ________and ________, which makes English one of the easiest languages to learn. 

6) Derivational affixes can be further divided into __________and ________. 

7) A_________, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word. 

8) A________ can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.   

Key:

1. 1) a minimum meaningful unit of a language 

2) one of the variants that realize a morpheme 

3) a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme 

4) a morpheme that can stand alone 

5) a morpheme attached to a stem or a root 

6) an affix that indicates grammatical relationships 

7) an affix that forms new words with a stem or a root 

8) what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes 

9) a form to which affixes of any kind can be added 

2. 1) smallest                                                            2) words 

  3) free morphemes, bound morphemes                 4) inflectional (affixes), derivational (affixes) 

  5) small, stable                                                     6) prefixes, suffixes 

  7) root                                                                 8) base