特殊类技法导读(中文版)Introduction to special techniques Techniques(Chinese version)
特殊类技法导读(英文版)Introduction to special techniques Techniques(English version)
一、特殊类烹调技法内涵/Connotation of special cooking techniques
除了前面介绍的五类加热方式之外,采用另一种或者将两种以上的烹调技法并用制作菜肴的方式,在行业中统称为特殊类烹调技法。
In addition to the five types of heating methods described above, the method of using another or more than two cooking techniques to make dishes is collectively called special cooking techniques in the industry.
二、特殊类烹调技法历史/History of special cooking techniques
《周礼》中有天子常规饮食食例以冷食为主的记载:“凡王之稍事,设荐脯醢。”郑玄注:“稍事,为非日中大举时而间食,谓之稍事。……稍事,有小事而饮酒。”贾公彦疏:“又脯醢者,是饮酒肴羞,非是食馔。”这表明早在西周时代人们便已清楚认识到冷荤宜于宴饮的特点,并形成了一定的食规。唐宋时期,凉拌菜的雏形已经形成,并在此基础上有了很大的发展。这一时间冷菜也逐步从肴馔系列中独立出来,并成为酒宴上的特色佳肴。明清时期,冷菜制作技艺日臻完善,制作冷菜的材料及工艺方法也不断创新。这一时期,很多工艺方法已经成为专门制作冷菜材料而独立出来,如拌法、醉法、腌法、卤法、烟熏、酱法等。同时,用于制作冷菜的原料也有了很大的扩展,植物类有茄子、生姜、豆角,动物类有猪肉、猪蹄、猪肚、羊肉、螃蟹、大虾等。这充分说明了在明清时期,我国的冷盘工艺技术已经达到了非常高超的水平。
"Zhou Li" has a record of the emperor's routine diet, mainly cold food: "every king's brief, set up a recommended breast." Zheng Xuan's note: "a little thing is not a large-scale meal between Japan and China. It is called a little thing... A little thing is drinking when there is a little thing." Jia Gongyan Shu: "those who eat and drink are ashamed of drinking and eating, not eating." This shows that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had clearly recognized the characteristics of cold meat suitable for banquets, and formed a certain food rule. During the Song Dynasty, cold dishes had a great development and had a great foundation. At this time, cold dishes gradually became independent from the delicacies series and became the characteristic delicacies at the banquet. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the production technology of cold dishes was improved day by day, and the materials and technological methods of making cold dishes were also innovated. During this period, many technological methods have become independent of special cold dish materials, such as mixing method, drunk method, pickling method, brine method, smoking method, sauce method, etc. At the same time, the raw materials used to make cold dishes have also been greatly expanded. Plants include eggplant, ginger and beans, while animals include pork, pig hoof, pig belly, mutton, crab, prawns, etc. This fully shows that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's cold dish technology has reached a very superb level.
随着历史的沿革,我国烹调技术在不断提高和发展,拌法、醉法、腌法、卤法、烟熏、酱法等逐渐从热菜制作中独立出来,成为一种独具风味特色的菜品系列;西餐烹调技术逐渐传入我国,中餐厨师不断对西餐烹调技艺进行借鉴,融合中国人的饮食习惯,创制了符合中餐特色的烹调技法——“铁扒”,一般是先将主料油炸或油煎成枣红色,然后放入锅中加汤调味,待微火煨至酥烂且汤汁收干时,取出剁成块,最后按照原形摆在盘内。品种由单调贫乏到丰富繁多;工艺技术由简单粗糙到精湛细腻。尤其是近半个世纪以来,我国的冷菜制作技艺、中西融合烹调技艺更是突飞猛进。烹饪工作者在挖掘、继承我国传统烹饪工艺技术的基础上推陈出新,使这些特殊烹饪技艺成为我国烹饪艺坛中的一朵鲜艳的奇葩。
With the evolution of history, China's cooking technology is constantly improving and developing. Mixing method, drunk method, pickling method, brine method, smoking method and sauce method are gradually independent from the production of hot dishes and become a series of dishes with unique flavor; Western cooking technology has gradually been introduced into China. Chinese chefs continue to learn from Western cooking skills, integrate Chinese eating habits, and create a cooking technique - "iron grilling", which is in line with the characteristics of Chinese food. Generally, the main ingredients are fried or fried into jujube red, and then put into the pot to add soup for seasoning. When it is simmered until crisp and dry, take it out and chop it into pieces, Finally, it is placed in the disc according to the original shape. Varieties from monotonous and poor to rich and varied; The technology has changed from simple and rough to exquisite and exquisite. Especially in the past half century, China's cold dish making technology and the integration of Chinese and Western cooking technology have advanced by leaps and bounds. On the basis of mining and inheriting China's traditional cooking technology, culinary workers push through the old and bring forth the new, making these special cooking skills a bright and wonderful flower in China's culinary art.
随着历史的沿革,我国烹调技术在不断提高和发展,拌法、醉法、腌法、卤法、烟熏、酱法等逐渐从热菜制作中独立出来,成为一种独具风味特色的菜品系列;西餐烹调技术逐渐传入我国,中餐厨师不断对西餐烹调技艺进行借鉴,融合中国人的饮食习惯,创制了符合中餐特色的烹调技法——“铁扒”,一般是先将主料油炸或油煎成枣红色,然后放入锅中加汤调味,待微火煨至酥烂且汤汁收干时,取出剁成块,最后按照原形摆在盘内。品种由单调贫乏到丰富繁多;工艺技术由简单粗糙到精湛细腻。尤其是近半个世纪以来,我国的冷菜制作技艺、中西融合烹调技艺更是突飞猛进。烹饪工作者在挖掘、继承我国传统烹饪工艺技术的基础上推陈出新,使这些特殊烹饪技艺成为我国烹饪艺坛中的一朵鲜艳的奇葩。
With the evolution of history, China's cooking technology is constantly improving and developing. Mixing method, drunk method, pickling method, brine method, smoking method and sauce method are gradually independent from the production of hot dishes and become a series of dishes with unique flavor; Western cooking technology has gradually been introduced into China. Chinese chefs continue to learn from Western cooking skills, integrate Chinese eating habits, and create a cooking technique - "iron grilling", which is in line with the characteristics of Chinese food. Generally, the main ingredients are fried or fried into jujube red, and then put into the pot to add soup for seasoning. When it is simmered until crisp and dry, take it out and chop it into pieces, Finally, it is placed in the disc according to the original shape. Varieties from monotonous and poor to rich and varied; The technology has changed from simple and rough to exquisite and exquisite. Especially in the past half century, China's cold dish making technology and the integration of Chinese and Western cooking technology have advanced by leaps and bounds. On the basis of mining and inheriting China's traditional cooking technology, culinary workers push through the old and bring forth the new, making these special cooking skills a bright and wonderful flower in China's culinary art.
三、特殊类烹调技法分类/Classification of special cooking techniques
本模块介绍的特殊类烹调技法包含凉拌技法、制冻技法、生醉技法、熟醉技法、拔丝技法、制羹技法、铁扒技法、烟熏技法等八种。
The special cooking techniques introduced in this module include cold mixing techniques, freezing techniques, raw drunkenness techniques, cooked drunkenness techniques, silk drawing techniques, soup making techniques, grilling techniques and smoking techniques.

