目录

  • 1 绪论(Introduction)
    • 1.1 中式烹调工艺概述(Overview of Chinese cooking technology)
  • 2 锅烹类技法实训(Pot cooking skills training)
    • 2.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 2.2 锅烹类技法导读(Introduction to pot cooking techniques)
    • 2.3 项目一:滑炒技法(Item 1: Slippery frying technique)
    • 2.4 项目二:爆炒技法(Item 2: Stir fry technique)
    • 2.5 项目三:清炒技法(Item 3: Clear frying technique)
    • 2.6 项目四:生炒技法(Item 4:Raw frying technique)
    • 2.7 项目五:熟炒技法(Item 5:Cooked frying technique)
    • 2.8 项目六:煸炒技法(Item 6:Stir-fry technique)
    • 2.9 项目七:贴制技法(Item 7:Paste technique)
    • 2.10 项目八:煎制技法(Item 8:Decocting technique)
    • 2.11 项目九:盐焗技法(Item 9:Salt baking technique)
    • 2.12 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 2.13 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 3 油烹类技法实训(Oil cooking skills training)
    • 3.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 3.2 油烹类技法导读(Introduction to oil cooking techniques)
    • 3.3 项目一:清炸技法(Item 1:Blasting technique)
    • 3.4 项目二:干炸技法(Item 2:Dry frying technique)
    • 3.5 项目三:纸包炸技法(Item 3:Paper fried technique)
    • 3.6 项目四:卷炸技法(Item 4:Roll blasting technique)
    • 3.7 项目五:碎屑料炸技法(Item 5:Chip blasting technique)
    • 3.8 项目六:泡油炒技法(Item 6:Oil soaking frying technique)
    • 3.9 项目七:红烧技法(Item 7:Braised technique)
    • 3.10 项目八:红扣技法(Item 8:Red button technique)
    • 3.11 项目九:脆熘技法(Item 9:Crispy frying technique)
    • 3.12 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 3.13 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 4 水烹类技法实训(Practical training of water cooking techniques)
    • 4.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 4.2 水烹类技法导读(Introduction to water cooking techniques)
    • 4.3 项目一:煮制技法(Item 1:Boiling technique)
    • 4.4 项目二:浸制技法(Item 2:Soaking technique)
    • 4.5 项目三:灼制技法(Item 3:Poaching technique)
    • 4.6 项目四:烩制技法(Item 4:Decocting technique)
    • 4.7 项目五:煲制技法(Item 5:Stewing technique)
    • 4.8 项目六:煨制技法(Item 6:Simmering technique)
    • 4.9 项目七:焖制技法(Item 7:Braiseing technique )
    • 4.10 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 4.11 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 5 汽烹类技法实训(Steam cooking skills training)
    • 5.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 5.2 汽烹类技法导读(Introduction to steam cooking techniques)
    • 5.3 项目一:清蒸技法(Item 1:Steaming technique)
    • 5.4 项目二:干蒸技法(Item 2:Dry steaming technique)
    • 5.5 项目三:粉蒸技法(Item 3:Dteaming with flour technique)
    • 5.6 项目四:蒸扣技法(Item 4:Bowl steaming technique)
    • 5.7 项目五:蒸瓤技法(Item 5:Stuffing steaming technique)
    • 5.8 项目六:蒸炖技法(Item 6:Steaming and Stewing technique)
    • 5.9 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 5.10 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 6 辐射类技法实训(Training of Radiation Cooking Techniques)
    • 6.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 6.2 辐射类技法导读(Introduction to Radiation Cooking Techniques)
    • 6.3 项目一:明炉烤技法(Item 1:Open-oven roasting technique)
    • 6.4 项目二:暗炉烤技法(Item 2:Closed-oven roasting technique)
    • 6.5 项目三:泥烤技法(Item 3:Mud roasting technique)
    • 6.6 项目四:烘烤技法(Item 4:Baking roasting technique)
    • 6.7 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 6.8 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 7 特殊类技法实训(Training of Special Cooking Techniques)
    • 7.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 7.2 特殊类技法导读(Introduction to special techniques Techniques)
    • 7.3 项目一:凉拌技法(Item 1:Cold mixing technique)
    • 7.4 项目二:制冻技法(Item 2:Cold jelly technique)
    • 7.5 项目三:生醉技法(Item 3:live alcohol-saturating technique)
    • 7.6 项目四:熟醉技法(Item 4:Alcohol-cooking technique)
    • 7.7 项目五:拔丝技法(Item 5:Wire drawing technique)
    • 7.8 项目六:制羹技法(Item 6:Thick soup making technique)
    • 7.9 项目七:铁扒技法(Item 7:Grilling technique)
    • 7.10 项目八:熏制技法(Item 8:Smoking technique)
    • 7.11 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 7.12 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
辐射类技法导读(Introduction to Radiation Cooking Techniques)

辐射类烹调技法导读(中文版)Introduction to Radiation Cooking Techniques(Chinese version)

辐射类烹调技法导读(英文版)Introduction to Radiation Cooking Techniques(English version)


一、辐射类烹调技法内涵/Connotation of radiation cooking techniques

将烹饪原料放高温度场中,热量由高温物体传给低温物体,利用辐射方制熟烤香原料,运用这种导热原理,通过各种烤制设备来烹制菜点,这种加热工序叫辐射类烹调技法

Put the cooking raw materials into the high-temperature field, transfer the heat from the high-temperature object to the low-temperature object, and use the radiation method to cook the roast incense raw materials. Using this heat conduction principle, cook the dishes through various baking equipment. This heating process is called radiation cooking technique.

随着社会发展,加热方式不断改变,以辐射传热方式为主的烹饪方式仍占有餐饮绝大部分市场。辐射传热又称热辐射,是热传递的一种基本方式。近年来,利用辐射传热烹制菜肴逐渐成为研究热点。辐射有炭火热能辐射、远红外线辐射、微波辐射等几种形式。辐射方式加热制作菜肴,是一种古老而特殊的方式。其成品具有色泽美观、形态完整、外脆里嫩、香酥质干的特点。

With the development of society, the heating mode is constantly changing, and the cooking mode dominated by radiation heat transfer still occupies the vast majority of the catering market. Radiant heat transfer, also known as thermal radiation, is a basic way of heat transfer. In recent years, the use of radiation heat transfer to cook dishes has gradually become a research hotspot. There are several forms of radiation, such as carbon fire thermal energy radiation, far infrared radiation, microwave radiation and so on. Radiation heating is an ancient and special way to make dishes. The finished product has the characteristics of beautiful color, complete shape, crispy outside and tender inside, crispy and dry quality.

二、辐射类烹调技法历史/History of radiation cooking techniques

经过漫长的岁月,一直生食的原始人渐渐地发现被山火烧熟的野兽和坚果焦香扑鼻,而且容易咀嚼,这就成为人类结束茹饮血的生食时代的信号。“山火”的使用与“火种”的保存是辐射类烹饪技法的开端。通过无数次的尝试和失败,原始人群终于懂得了利用自然火并进一步懂得了如何控制火种,跨进了熟食时代。用火熟食,便是烹饪的起源。据考古学成果表明,山西省芮城县西侯度村的西候度文化遗址中出土的烧骨、带切痕的鹿角和动物化石,经古地磁断代初步测定距今已有180万年,这可能是中国古人类最早用火熟食的遗迹。这也是辐射技法的开端。而云南省元谋县元谋人遗址中也出土了厚约3米的灰屑和哺乳动物化石,据古地磁断代测定,其时间距今已有170万年。此外,人们熟知的距今5060万年的周口店北京人遗址出土的炭屑和灰烬更多,最厚的灰烬层达6米,还有许多烧过的骨头、石头和动物化石。这一切表明,当时的人类已经开始利用火的辐射热制熟食物。

After a long time, the primitive people who had been eating raw gradually found that the wild animals and nuts cooked by the mountain fire were fragrant and easy to chew, which became a signal for mankind to end the era of eating raw blood. The use of "mountain fire" and the preservation of "kindling" are the beginning of radiation cooking techniques. Through countless attempts and failures, the primitive people finally understood how to use natural fire and further understood how to control fire, and entered the era of cooked food. Cooking with fire is the origin of cooking. According to archaeological results, the burned bones, antlers with cutting marks and animal fossils unearthed from the Xihoudu cultural site in Xihoudu village, Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, have been preliminarily determined by paleomagnetic dating for 1.8 million years, which may be the earliest relic of fire cooked food by ancient humans in China. This is also the beginning of radiation techniques. The ash debris and mammal fossils with a thickness of about 3 meters were also unearthed in the Yuanmou human site in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province. According to the ancient geomagnetic dating, it has been 1.7 million years ago. In addition, the well-known Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, which dates back to 500000 or 600000 years, unearthed more carbon chips and ashes. The thickest ash layer is up to 6 meters, and there are many burned bones, stones and animal fossils. All this shows that humans at that time had begun to use the radiant heat of fire to cook food.

谈辐射烹调技法的历史,绕不开中国文明代表人物三皇之首”——“伏羲”。《三字经》中有自羲农,至黄帝,号三皇据上世。创造精神是伏羲文化精神。在远古时代,先人们食生鱼生鸟、生肉,吃起来味道并不好,吃了还要闹肚子生病。伏羲取来天火后,便教人们用火把鸟儿、鱼儿烤熟了吃。从此,人们吃着香喷喷的烤肉,身体也就更健康了。为了纪念伏羲,人们把他称庖牺第一个用火烤熟兽肉的人。 

To talk about the history of radiation cooking techniques, we can't get around "Fuxi", the representative figure of Chinese civilization - "the head of the Three Emperors". In the Three Character Classic, there is "from Xi Nong to the Yellow Emperor, the number of three emperors according to the world". Creative spirit is the spirit of Fuxi Culture. In ancient times, ancestors ate raw fish, birds and meat. They didn't taste good. They even got sick after eating them. After Fuxi got the sky fire, he taught people to roast birds and fish with fire. Since then, people eat delicious barbecue, and their health will be healthier. In memory of Fu Xi, people call him "Pao Shi", that is, "the first person to roast animal meat with fire.

三、辐射类烹调技法分类/Classification of radiation cooking techniques

根据设备的不同,辐射类烹调法可以分为明炉烤技法、暗炉烤技法、泥烤技法、烘烤技法等。

According to different equipment, radiation cooking methods can be divided into open oven baking techniques, dark oven baking techniques, mud baking techniques, baking techniques, etc.