目录

  • 1 绪论(Introduction)
    • 1.1 中式烹调工艺概述(Overview of Chinese cooking technology)
  • 2 锅烹类技法实训(Pot cooking skills training)
    • 2.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 2.2 锅烹类技法导读(Introduction to pot cooking techniques)
    • 2.3 项目一:滑炒技法(Item 1: Slippery frying technique)
    • 2.4 项目二:爆炒技法(Item 2: Stir fry technique)
    • 2.5 项目三:清炒技法(Item 3: Clear frying technique)
    • 2.6 项目四:生炒技法(Item 4:Raw frying technique)
    • 2.7 项目五:熟炒技法(Item 5:Cooked frying technique)
    • 2.8 项目六:煸炒技法(Item 6:Stir-fry technique)
    • 2.9 项目七:贴制技法(Item 7:Paste technique)
    • 2.10 项目八:煎制技法(Item 8:Decocting technique)
    • 2.11 项目九:盐焗技法(Item 9:Salt baking technique)
    • 2.12 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 2.13 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 3 油烹类技法实训(Oil cooking skills training)
    • 3.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 3.2 油烹类技法导读(Introduction to oil cooking techniques)
    • 3.3 项目一:清炸技法(Item 1:Blasting technique)
    • 3.4 项目二:干炸技法(Item 2:Dry frying technique)
    • 3.5 项目三:纸包炸技法(Item 3:Paper fried technique)
    • 3.6 项目四:卷炸技法(Item 4:Roll blasting technique)
    • 3.7 项目五:碎屑料炸技法(Item 5:Chip blasting technique)
    • 3.8 项目六:泡油炒技法(Item 6:Oil soaking frying technique)
    • 3.9 项目七:红烧技法(Item 7:Braised technique)
    • 3.10 项目八:红扣技法(Item 8:Red button technique)
    • 3.11 项目九:脆熘技法(Item 9:Crispy frying technique)
    • 3.12 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 3.13 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 4 水烹类技法实训(Practical training of water cooking techniques)
    • 4.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 4.2 水烹类技法导读(Introduction to water cooking techniques)
    • 4.3 项目一:煮制技法(Item 1:Boiling technique)
    • 4.4 项目二:浸制技法(Item 2:Soaking technique)
    • 4.5 项目三:灼制技法(Item 3:Poaching technique)
    • 4.6 项目四:烩制技法(Item 4:Decocting technique)
    • 4.7 项目五:煲制技法(Item 5:Stewing technique)
    • 4.8 项目六:煨制技法(Item 6:Simmering technique)
    • 4.9 项目七:焖制技法(Item 7:Braiseing technique )
    • 4.10 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 4.11 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 5 汽烹类技法实训(Steam cooking skills training)
    • 5.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 5.2 汽烹类技法导读(Introduction to steam cooking techniques)
    • 5.3 项目一:清蒸技法(Item 1:Steaming technique)
    • 5.4 项目二:干蒸技法(Item 2:Dry steaming technique)
    • 5.5 项目三:粉蒸技法(Item 3:Dteaming with flour technique)
    • 5.6 项目四:蒸扣技法(Item 4:Bowl steaming technique)
    • 5.7 项目五:蒸瓤技法(Item 5:Stuffing steaming technique)
    • 5.8 项目六:蒸炖技法(Item 6:Steaming and Stewing technique)
    • 5.9 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 5.10 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 6 辐射类技法实训(Training of Radiation Cooking Techniques)
    • 6.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 6.2 辐射类技法导读(Introduction to Radiation Cooking Techniques)
    • 6.3 项目一:明炉烤技法(Item 1:Open-oven roasting technique)
    • 6.4 项目二:暗炉烤技法(Item 2:Closed-oven roasting technique)
    • 6.5 项目三:泥烤技法(Item 3:Mud roasting technique)
    • 6.6 项目四:烘烤技法(Item 4:Baking roasting technique)
    • 6.7 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 6.8 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
  • 7 特殊类技法实训(Training of Special Cooking Techniques)
    • 7.1 学习目标(Learning objectives)
    • 7.2 特殊类技法导读(Introduction to special techniques Techniques)
    • 7.3 项目一:凉拌技法(Item 1:Cold mixing technique)
    • 7.4 项目二:制冻技法(Item 2:Cold jelly technique)
    • 7.5 项目三:生醉技法(Item 3:live alcohol-saturating technique)
    • 7.6 项目四:熟醉技法(Item 4:Alcohol-cooking technique)
    • 7.7 项目五:拔丝技法(Item 5:Wire drawing technique)
    • 7.8 项目六:制羹技法(Item 6:Thick soup making technique)
    • 7.9 项目七:铁扒技法(Item 7:Grilling technique)
    • 7.10 项目八:熏制技法(Item 8:Smoking technique)
    • 7.11 本章小结(Summary of this chapter)
    • 7.12 本章检测题(Test questions in this chapter)
油烹类技法导读(Introduction to oil cooking techniques)

油烹类技法导读视频(中文版) Introduction to oil cooking techniques (Chinese version)


油烹类技法导读视频(英文版) Introduction to oil cooking techniques (English version)


一、油烹类技法内涵/Connotation of oil cooking techniques

 利用食用油为传热介质,食用油液体在锅中受热后不断地对流,将原料加热烹制成熟,这种加热工序叫油烹。油烹有对原料传热快,使原料改变质地,增加香味,增加营养物质,增加色泽的作用;油烹运用的油锅比例大,温域宽,食用油在锅中烧热,发烟点一般在210~220℃左右,可以储存很高的能量促使原料快速成熟。在通常情况下,改刀后的原料放入热油中短时间即可变熟。由传热学公式可知,物体间传热量与两物体间的温度差成正比。传热介质温度越高,单位时间内原料吸收的热量就越大,原料也就越容易成熟。在液体传热介质中,油具有较高的温度场,能加快原料的成熟。

 Using edible oil as the heat transfer medium, the edible oil liquid continuously convection after heating in the pot to heat and cook the raw materials. This heating process is called oil cooking. Oil cooking has the function of fast heat transfer to raw materials, changing the texture of raw materials, increasing flavor, increasing nutrients and increasing color; The proportion of oil pot used for oil cooking is large, the temperature range is wide, the edible oil is heated in the pot, and the smoke point is generally about 210 ~ 220 ℃, which can store high energy and promote the rapid maturation of raw materials. Under normal circumstances, the raw materials after changing the knife can be cooked in hot oil in a short time. According to the heat transfer formula, the heat transfer between objects is directly proportional to the temperature difference between two objects. The higher the temperature of the heat transfer medium, the greater the heat absorbed by the raw material per unit time, and the easier the raw material is to mature. In liquid heat transfer medium, oil has a high temperature field, which can accelerate the maturity of raw materials.

 根据油温的不同,餐饮行业常将油温分为低油温、中油温、热油温和高油温等四种。油温一般分为十成,每成油温代表30℃。一至二成油温属于低油温,适用于浸泡涨发原料;三至四成油温属于中油温,适用于滑油;五至六成油温属于热油温,适用于油炸定性至成熟;七至八成油温属于高油温,适用于油炸中的复炸,促使原料在短时间内酥脆。

 According to the different oil temperature, the catering industry often divides the oil temperature into four types: low oil temperature, medium oil temperature, hot oil temperature and high oil temperature. The oil temperature is generally divided into 10%, and each oil temperature represents 30 ℃. One to two percent of the oil temperature belongs to low oil temperature, which is suitable for soaking hair raising raw materials; Three to four percent of the oil temperature belongs to medium oil temperature, which is suitable for lubricating oil; Fifty to sixty percent of the oil temperature belongs to hot oil temperature, which is suitable for frying until it is mature; 70-80% of the oil temperature belongs to high oil temperature, which is suitable for re frying in frying to make the raw materials crisp in a short time.

 二、油烹类技法历史/History of oil cooking techniques

 探讨油烹类技法的历史,要从“油脂”运用于烹饪的变迁谈起。根据文献记载,我国在汉代以前人们食用的油均为动物,称“脂、膏”。脂一般为没被炼过的油,膏为炼过的油。

 To explore the history of oil cooking techniques, we should start from the changes of the application of "oil" in cooking. According to literature records, before the Han Dynasty in China, the oil eaten by people were animals, known as "fat and paste". Grease is generally oil that has not been refined, and ointment is refined oil.

夏商以前,由于文献记载语焉不详,其食用油的具体情况尚不甚清楚,从《楚辞·天间》“冯珧利决,封豨是射,何献蒸肉之膏,而后帝不若?”可以推测,人们最先食用的可能是狩猎的野兽油。植物油的食用在魏晋南北朝时期可能就比较普遍了。据北魏贾思勰《齐民要术》记载,当时已把芝麻油、荏子油和麻子油用于饮食烹调上。宋代,植物油的食用更加普遍,种类也有所增加。沈括《梦溪笔谈》云:“今之北人喜用麻油煎物,不问何物,皆用油煎。”明代,植物油的种类更多,系统的造油方法也见诸记载,对各种植物油的性质、食量、不同的功用有了更深刻的认识。清代,花生油也作为食用油出现在我国人们的饮食及日常生活中,清朝中后期,据清朝《续文献通考》中“实业考·油业”记载,当时食用的植物油主要有:大豆、棉子、花生、亚麻、山茶、等多种。

Before the Xia and Shang Dynasties, due to the vague literature records, the specific situation of its edible oil was not very clear. From the book of Chu · Tianjian, "Feng Guoli decided to seal the fire, why offer the paste of steamed meat, and then the emperor was not like?" It can be speculated that people may first eat hunting animal oil. The consumption of vegetable oil may have been more common in the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties. According to the records of Qi Min Yao Shu by Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty, sesame oil, EBA oil and sesame oil were used in diet and cooking at that time. In the Song Dynasty, the consumption of vegetable oil was more common and the types increased. Shen Kuo said, "I don't like to fry things with sesame oil in my dream." In the Ming Dynasty, there were more kinds of vegetable oil, and the systematic oil making methods were also recorded. We had a deeper understanding of the nature, food consumption and different functions of various vegetable oils. In the Qing Dynasty, peanut oil also appeared in people's diet and daily life as edible oil. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, according to the records of "industrial examination · oil industry" in the general examination of continued literature of the Qing Dynasty, the edible vegetable oil at that time mainly included soybean, cottonseed, peanut, flax, camellia, etc.

三、油烹类技法分类/Classification of oil cooking techniques

油烹类技法在具体操作中又分为清炸技法、干炸技法、包炸技法、卷炸技法、碎屑料炸技法、油泡技法、红烧技法、红扣技法、脆熘技法等。

In the specific operation, oil cooking techniques are divided into clear blasting techniques, dry blasting techniques, package blasting techniques, roll blasting techniques, debris blasting techniques, oil bubble techniques, braised techniques, red buckle techniques, crisp frying techniques, etc.