一、Task 3

Listening Aids

champion (v.):  support

incessant (adj.):  continuing without stoppping

kaleidoscope (n.):  a scene or pattern that is always changing and has many details or bright colours

miser (n.):  sb. who is not generous and does not like spending money

secretive (adj.):  deliberately not telling people things

slovenly (adj.):  lazy, untidy, and careless

solitary (adj.):  spending a lot of time alone

In this task, you'll hear a brief biography of J. M. W. Turner, and English landscape painter.

A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the tape.

    1) John Turner is one of the greatest contemporary English landscape painters. [    ]

    2) Turner is known for his water colours and oil painting as well as his landscape drawings. [    ]

    3) Turner's work was influenced by the impressionist movement in France. [    ]

    4) Turner was born with a silver spoon in his mouth. [    ]

    5) Although Turner was not particularly good at painting as a child, he quickly caught on at the

        age of fifteen. [    ]

    6) Turner travelled extensively in Europe. [    ]

    7) People liked Turner's work almost from the very beginning. [    ]

    8) Contrary to his reputation of being a miser, Turner left his money to a charity to help poor

        English artists. [    ]

B. Complete the following sentences with what you hear on the tape.

    1) He is especially noted for his imaginative water colours and oil paintings, which often show

        _____________________________, done in a brilliant kaleidoscope of colours.

    2) During the _________ and _________, the method he used became more and more ____________.

    3) He began to use bright colours in his paintings, especially the ________ and _________ for which 

        he is known, after about _________.

二、Task 6

* stagflation (n.):  sluggish economic growth  coupled with a high rate of inflation and                                                  unemployment

In this task, you'll hear a report on the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Note-taking: Fill in the missing words in the following note.

I. Winner of this year's Nobel Prize in Economics:

    A. Finn Kydland: from ___________; professor at Carnegie Mellon University

    B. Edward Prescott: from ____________; adviser at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis;    

        professor at Arizona State University

II. Study published in 1977

    A. before the 1970s, economic problems seen in terms of _____________ (too much demand

        →_________; too much supply → ________)

    B. government response: _______________ & _______________________ → expanding growth and 

        employment; ____________________________ easing inflation

    C. in the 1970s, many nations experienced both _________________ and ________________ at the

        same time (called stagflation)

    D. study of Kydland and Prescott: stagflation ← policymakers failed to follow their stated

        economic policy to support the goals of __________________ and __________________ (called 

        _____________________________________)

III. Study published in 1982

    A. developed ways to explain __________________

    B. _________________ creates periods of economic growth and productivity

    C. _________________ (wages, investments, consumption) slow the growth: how activities at

        this level govern an economy

    D. a shock (e.g. ___________________________) can affect business cycles

三、Watch two speeches given by famous persons and figure out the major points