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Air Waybill空运单
The Air Waybill（AWB） is the most important document issued by a carrier either
directly or through its authorized agent(授权的代理). It is a non-negotiable（不可转让） transport document. It covers (覆盖) transport of cargo from airport to airport. By accepting a shipment , an IATA cargo agent(国际航空运输协会货运代理) is acting on behalf of（代表） the carrier whose air waybill is issued.
Air Waybills (MAWB航空主运单) have eleven digit numbers which can be used to make bookings, check the status（状态） of delivery, and current position of the shipment. The number consists of the following eleven digits.
The first three digits are the airline prefix字首. Each airline has been assigned a 3-digit number by IATA, so from the prefix we know which airline has issued the document.
The next seven digits are the running numbers顺序号—one number for each consignment.
The last digit is what is called the check digit检验号. It is arrived at（得出来，计算出来）in the following manner.
The AWB is issued by airlines in a set of 3 originals（正本） and minimum 6 copies（副本）. The air waybill can be issued by an airline agent as well. The first three copies of air waybills are classified as originals. The first original, Green in color, is the Issuing Carrier's Copy. The second, colored Pink, is the Consignee's Copy. The third, colored Blue, is the Shipper's Copy. A fourth Yellow copy acts as the Delivery Receipt, or proof of delivery. The other copies are white.
Air Waybills are non-negotiable documents unlike bills of lading which are negotiable. The words “NON-NEGOTIABLE” are printed clearly at the top of（在…顶部） the air waybill. This means that the air waybill is an evidence of contract for transportation only and does not represent (the value of) merchandise mentioned in the box（栏目）nature and quantity of goods.
Characters (特性) and Functions(功能) of Air Waybills
There are several purposes that an air waybill serves, but its main functions are:
Evidence of contract of Carriage(运输合同的证明)
Behind every original of the Air Waybill are conditions(条件) of contract for carriage.
Evidence of Receipt of Goods(承运人的收货证明)
When the shipper delivers goods to be forwarded（运送）, he will get a receipt. The receipt is proof that the shipment was handed over（递交） in good order and condition（状况良好）and also that the shipping instructions（装运指示，指令）,as contained（包含） in the Shipper's Letter of Instructions（托运人指示函）,are acceptable（认可的，接受的）. After completion, an original copy of the air waybill is given to the shipper as evidence（证明） of the acceptance of goods and as proof（证据，证明）of contract of carriage.
Freight Bill（运费结算凭证，运费账单）
The air waybill may be used as（被用做） a bill（账单） or invoice（发票） together with supporting(支持性的，证明性的) documents since it may indicate（表明）charges to be paid by the consignee, charges due to（应付至…）the agent or the carrier. An original copy of the air waybill isused for the carrier's accounting(报账，记账).
Certificate of Insurance（保险证明）
The air waybill may also serve as an evidence if the carrier is in a position to能够（处在可以…的位置，有能力） insure the shipment and is requested to do so by the shipper.
Customs Declaration（办理货物报关的文件）
Although customs authorities（海关当局） require various（各种各样的） documents like a commercial invoice（商业发票）, packing list（装箱单）, etc. the air waybill too is proof of the freight amount（运费金额）billed(开账单) for the goods carried and may be needed to bepresented（递交，呈递） for customs clearance .The format of the airwaybill has been designed by IATA and these can be used for both domestic as well as international transportation. These are available in two forms, viz. the airline logo（商业标志） equipped air waybill and the neutral air waybill（中性的）. Usually airline air waybills are distributed to IATA cargo agents by IATA airlines .
The air waybills show:
the carrier's name
its head office（总公司，总部） address
its logo（标志）
the pre-printed (事先印制的) eleven digit air waybill number
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It is also possible to complete an airwaybill through a computerized system（计算机化系统）. Agents all over the world are now using their own in-house computer systems to issue airlines' and freight forwarders’own air waybills. IATA cargo agents usually hold(持有) air waybills of several carriers. However, it gradually became difficult to accommodate（协调处理） these pre-numbered（事先已编号的）air waybills with the printed identification(身份识别) in the computer system.Therefore aneutral（中立的） air waybill was created. Both types of air waybills have the same format（格式） and layout（布局）. However, the neutral air waybill does not bear any pre-printed individual name, head office address, logo and serial number(序列号).
Air Waybill Categories(分类，类别)
A freight forwarder offering a consolidation(集拼运输，合并运输) service will issue its own air waybill. This is called a Forwarder's or House AWB(航空分运单). This acts as proof of contract of carriage between the shipper and the forwarder, who in this case becomes a Deemed Carrier(视为承运人,契约承运人). The forwarder in turn（依次，转而） enters into（订立）contracts with one or more carriers(实际承运人), often using more than one mode of transportation. The proof of contract of carriage between the forwarder and carrier is called a Master Air Way Bill(MAWB)航空主运单. A House Air Waybill(HAWB) couldact as a multimodal transport document（MTD）多式联运单据.
Contractual carrier, 契约承运人
Actual carrier, 实际承运人
Content of Air Waybill（空运单的内容）
An air waybill usually contains 12 sheets(联). 3 for original, 6 for copies and 3 for extra(额外的) copies. The originals describe the carrying clauses(条款) on their back .The shippers' signing on the originals means they accept and allow(同意) the contract clauses.
Nowadays, the air waybills used by different airline companies are basically the same. Most of them use the standard forms by IATA with little difference.
