课件
讨论与视频、文本
（背景图）Every day when you wake up, what is the first thing you do in the morning? I guess maybe more than 90% people would check the mobile phone first to see the latest news. We read books and newspapers every day. We watch TV everyday and we surf the internet everyday. It’s true that with the help of mobile phones, computers and newspapers, no matter where you are, you can get a large amount of information. That is the power of media. This time let’s talk about British media.
（图二）For most British people, a day begins with the morning newspaper and a cup of coffee. It is obvious that the media is central to British leisure culture. It is no exaggeration to say that media shapes the public opinion, determines people’s moral and political orientation and consolidates or undermines the rule of a government. There are several different types of media in Britain: television, radio, newspapers, magazines and websites.
（背景图）Britain has one of the world’s oldest established newspaper industries. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, as the British economy began to industrialize and as literacy levels rose due to mass education, more and more began to appear. There are two kinds of newspaper in Britain. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind is called the tabloids, smaller-format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines. They deal with scandals and gossip, usually about famous people. The stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinions than facts. For example, The Sun is a tabloid. In 2002, The Sun on Sunday was launched to replace The News of the World. It carries mainly crime, sport and sex stories and becomes one of Britain’s popular newspapers. Although some people disapprove of the tabloids, more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The “quality press” carries in-depth articles of political and social importance, reviews and feature articles about “high culture” and is generally read by a well-educated, middle-class audience. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are referred to as Britain’s “Big Three”. （图三）The Times is a daily newspaper published in London and one of Britain’s oldest and most influential newspapers. The Times has a reputation for its cautious attitude. It often reflects the view of the government. （图四）The Guardian is recognized as a platform for liberal and left-wining opinions. （图五）The Daily Telegraph appeals to readers who favor free enterprise over social programs.
（背景图）Newspapers used to be the dominant media for news, but the emergence of broadcast media quickly changed the situation. It is said that over 90% of all adults in Britain listen to the radio once a week and this figure hasn’t decreased at all over the last ten years. Being a pioneer in the broadcast media industry, Britain has a diverse range of providers. The most prominent is the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). （图六）It is the world’s oldest national broadcasting organization and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. The stated mission of the BBC is “to inform, educate and entertain” and its motto is “Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation”. The BBC’s main purpose is to provide public service radio, television and internet broadcasting within Britain. The BBC also provides the world services and this service makes it world famous broadcaster with 32 languages broadcasting programs. The BBC runs its world service for free, and when it needs money, it is funded by viewers’ license fees, so the BBC runs no commercials, either sound or television. It has ten national radio services. Five are most famous. （图7）They are BBC Radio 1, offering new music and popular styles and being notable for its chart show. （图8）BBC Radio 2, playing light music and sporting events. （图9）BBC Radio 3, a classical music station, broadcasting high-quality concerts and performances. （图10）BBC Radio 4, focusing on current affairs, factual and other speech-based programming, including drama and comedy. （图11）BBC Radio 5 Live, broadcasting 24-hour news, sport and talk programs. As to television services, （图12）the BBC operates eight television channels in Britain. BBC One and BBC Two are the primary channels. Both BBC One and BBC Two are public television services with the annual budget. Besides offering up-to-date coverage of national and international affairs, BBC also broadcasts a mixture of drama, light entertainment, film, sport and documentaries. Up to now, a great number of high-quality insightful documentaries have been produced to open the public eyes, such as Human Planet, The Hunt, and Frozen Planet. Besides that, BBC is also good at adapting literary works to TV series, such as Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Sherlock Holmes. BBC world service is one of the world’s largest international broadcasters, broadcasting news, speech and discussions in 32 languages. In addition, the BBC World Service also presents BBC Learning English program to help people learn British English. This is a very good learning resource for second language learners. Another three main channels is ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5. They are run by private commercial operators. ITV 1 broadcasts its first regular programs in London in 1955. TV programs are broadcast 24 hours a day throughout the country. Channel 4 was launched in 1982 and provides programs with a distinctive character and appeals to tastes and interests not generally catered for by Channel 3. Although television enjoys popularity, criticism never ends since its creation. What’s your opinion on TV? Think about it after class.
So much for today, thank you!
People in every country celebrate holidays. A holiday is a day set aside by custom or by law. （图二开始，图和人物出现，人物小图在右下角）Throughout the year the British celebrate many holidays which reflect the religious, historical, social and cultural diversity of their country. （无图，背景和人物出现）Some holidays are celebrated throughout the nation and mark important events in the Christian calendar. Other holidays are based on local customs and traditions. （图三和人物出现，人物在一侧）What almost all of the holidays have in common is that they provide an opportunity for families and friends to get together to exchange good wishes and enjoy each other’s company. （图三结束，背景和人物出现）In today’s lesson, we are going to learn the major holidays in Britain.
（图四全屏出现）New Year’s Day. British celebrate New Year on January 1. （图五和人物出现，人物在一侧）The holiday kicks off late on New Year’s Eve with big fancy parties. The celebrations go on till the dawn of the New Year’s Day. （图六和人物出现，人物在一侧）The important celebration tradition is setting off fireworks. The New Year party for the entire nation is held in Time Square in New York. （图七和人物出现，人物在一侧）When Church bell rings twelve at the midnight, people join together holding hands and singing the traditional song. （图八和人物出现，人物在一侧）Making New Year’s resolutions is a traditional custom. Some people wish to lose the extra pounds while some people wish to find a good job. （图八结束，文本出现下面标红字体）Tradition of sending gifts has also gain popularity. （图九和人物出现，人物在一侧）In Scotland, there is an old superstition and custom that the first person to enter a house in the New Year will bring luck. If the first footer has dark hair, it is considered extremely lucky. （图九结束，背景和人物出现）So, as a Chinese, you will be most welcome and well-treated on that day.
（图十全屏出现）Easter Day is the oldest and most important Christian Festival. （图十一和人物出现，人物在一侧）It celebrates the death and coming to life again of Jesus Christ. For Christians, the dawn of Easter Sunday with its message of new life is the high point of the Christian year. （图十二全屏）Easter is called a moveable feast because the date of Easter changes every year. Easter Sunday can fall on any date between 22 March and 25 April, depending on the date of the first full moon after spring equinox. （图十三和人物出现，人物在一侧）One of the most prevalent religious traditions is Easter services that take place at the break of a day. Christians gather together on Easter Sunday for a sunrise service. This service takes place on a hill side, so everyone can see the sun rise. （图十三结束，背景和人物出现）The traditional Easter gift is a chocolate egg. （图十四全屏）From the earliest times the egg had been a symbol of rebirth. The Easter egg later became a religious symbol, representing the tomb from which Jesus broke forth and the new life within. （图十五和人物出现，人物小图在右下角）The eggs are either hollow or have a filling and are usually painted in bright colors. They are given to children as gifts. Around 80 million chocolate eggs are eaten each year in Britain. （图十六和人物出现，人物在一侧）The other activity popular on Easter is Easter Egg Hunt. Eggs are hidden in public places for the children to find. （图十七和人物出现，人物在一侧）Boiled eggs are traditionally served at breakfast, （图十八和人物出现，人物在一侧）and then Easter cards and gifts may be exchanged.（图十九和人物出现，人物在一侧） Roast lamb is the traditional meat for the main meal on Easter Day.
（图二十和人物出现，人物小图在右下角）Trooping the Colour. The official birthday of Queen ElizabethⅡ, is marked each year by a military parade and march-past, known as Trooping the Colour. （图二十一和人物出现，人物小图在右下角）Trooping the colour means the carrying of the Flag. The official name is “the Queen’s Birthday Parade”. （文本形式出现下一句）It takes place on the second Saturday in June at Horse Guards Parade, in London. （图二十三和人物出现，人物小图在右下角）Each June, the Queen and other members of the Royal Family attend the Trooping the Colour ceremony. The Queen attends the ceremony to take the salute from thousands of guardsmen who parade the Colour. It is the biggest royal event of the year.
（图二十四和人物出现，人物在一侧）Christmas Day. Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ and is celebrated on December 25. （图二十五，人物在一侧）Christmas Eve is traditionally the day for decorating churches and homes. Christmas tree is a must to decorate the living room. （图二十六全屏）Night time on Christmas Eve is very exciting time for young children. Children hang Christmas stockings or bags up for Father Christmas and hope them to be filled with presents. （背景和人物讲下一句）On the 25th December, most people are on holiday. （图二十七，人物侧图）Many Christian will go to church with the best clothes to sing carols. （图二十八，人物侧图）Towards evening, the whole family sits around and enjoy a heavy Christmas meal including roast pigs, turkey, Christmas pudding, Christmas minced meat pie and so on. （图二十九，人物侧图）Then is the most exciting tradition of exchanging presents. （图二十九结束）
（背景和人物）Three are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British. （文本形式出现下一句标红字体）One is the Christmas pantomime, a comical, musical play. （图三十，人物侧图）The pantomime is usually based on traditional children’s stories like Cinderella and includes songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by adults and children alike. （文本形式出现下一句标红字体）Another tradition is the Queen’s Christmas message, （图三十一，人物小图在右下角）broadcast on television and radio. The Queen gives her Christmas Speech to the Nation at three o’clock in the afternoon. She usually talks about the year that is ending and expresses her hopes for the future. （图三十一结束，文本出现标红字体）A third British tradition is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. （图三十二，人物侧图）This day is entirely unrelated to the sports form which its name comes. （图三十三，人物侧图）Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Nowadays, Boxing Day is usually the day when members of the extended family come together if they spent Christmas day in their own home. （文本出现标红字体）It is also customary to give small gifts or tips to regular service worker (the milkman, dustman, paperboy and mail carrier) and to give a Christmas bonus to employees. （背景和人物）These gifts are called “Christmas boxes”
（图三十四，人物侧图）There are also many other smaller festivals, such as Mother’s day, April Fools ’ Day, remembrance Sunday and various saints’ day. We don't give a detailed introduction one by one here. If you are interested, you can go to library or the website after class.
（背景和人物）This is the end of the course. Thank you
