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Text B  Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality

By Woodrow Wilson

1.    The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned. The spirit of the nation in this critical matter will be determined largely by what individuals and society and those gathered in public meetings do and say, upon what newspapers and magazines contain, upon what ministers utter in their pulpits(桌面), and men proclaim as their opinions upon the street.

2.     The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy and desire among them with regard to the issues and circumstances of the conflict. Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the momentous struggle. It will be easy to excite passion and difficult to allay(缓和) it. Those responsible for exciting it will assume a heavy responsibility, responsibility for no less a thing than that the people of the United States, whose love of their country and whose loyalty to its government should unite them as Americans all, bound in honor and affection to think first of her and her interests, may be divided in camps of hostile opinion, hot against each other, involved in the war itself in impulse and opinion if not in action.

3.    Such divisions amongst us would be fatal to our peace of mind and might seriously stand in the way of the proper performance of our duty as the one great nation at peace, the one people holding itself ready to play a Part of impartial mediation and speak the counsels of peace and accommodation, not as a partisan, but as a friend.

4.     I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, to speak a solemn word of warning to you against that deepest, most subtle, most essential breach（违背） of neutrality which may spring out of partisanship, out of passionately taking sides. The United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls. We must be impartial in thought, as well as action, must put a curb（抑制） upon our sentiments, as well as upon every transaction（交易） that might be construed（解读） as a preference of one party to the struggle before another.

Questions for Discussion or Reflection

(1) How did President Wilson define the spirit of neutrality of Americans?

(2) What served as a natural and inevitable thing for Americans to behave in the war?

(3) How did the president warn the people of the fatal danger to their mind?