Chapter Lead-in:
跨文化交际中常会出现由于文化差异而导致的误会、矛盾和冲突。这些误会、矛盾和冲突会影响到具体的跨文化交际效果。为了更加有效地进行跨文化交际，我们有必要了解妨碍成功跨文化交际的因素。
本章主要介绍了跨文化交际中的障碍，包括情感障碍、态度障碍和语言交流中的翻译障碍。情感上的障碍主要表现为焦虑和不确定，以及假定一致性；态度障碍包括民族中心主义、文化定势、偏见和种族主义；语言交流方面的障碍主要表现在翻译方面，具体包括词汇上的不对等、习语上的不对等、语法和句法上的不对等、经验上的不对等以及概念上的不对等等问题。本章对于跨文化交际中各种障碍的介绍，有助于学习者有效地了解并克服跨文化交际障碍。
Learning Objectives:
In this chapter, students will learn how to:
1. understand some barriers caused by emotional problems;
2. comprehend some barriers caused by attitudinal problems;
3. analyze various reasons for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism;
4. perceive and deal with some barriers caused by translation problems.
Chapter Outline
Key points for Chapter 4:
Read Chapter Outline on Page 105, and complete the following tasks.
~~Reminder~~
Do remember that when previewing what you are to learn before next class meeting, you are supposed to explore the key ideas in advance, including:
reading texts, and in the texts you must find out and mark or underline the key points, definitions, illustrations, figur out the difficulties in the texts if there are some (any difficulties, you can ask for help in Discussion or via Message) ;
reading relevant cases, and with the cases you must try to summarize their key idea(s), or, if you think the case interests you very much you may get ready to roleplay the scenario with your team members in class,
注：从本章的学习任务开始，请大家课前做好预习，我课前重点检查每篇课文上定义的勾画、课文中的生词是否都已提前查阅完毕（包括发音、释义），建议大家预习时将课文中的概念、定义尝试翻译成中文，也建议大家预习时将案例的summary整理出来。
Pre-class Activities: Lead-in Case (P106)
Read the Lead-in Case Chinese Hospitality - Overdone on Pages 106 and 107. Following is the video of the case.
When you've finished the above tasks, you may come to the next part.
