Before reading Text A, you may need the following information to help you with a better understanding.
Learning English grammar
The goal of developing learners' functional competence in a second language is not a new idea. Originally, the term grammar referred to the art of writing. As used today by many teachers and learners, grammar is loosely understood to be a set of rules that govern a language. Communicative language teaching has placed a renewed emphasis on the role of grammar, especially in the early stages of instruction. Viewing grammar with all of its components helps language teachers and learners understand the complexity of what it means to know the grammar of a language. Clearly, the goal of language learning in a communicative classroom is for learners to acquire the grammar of the second language in its broadest sense to enable them to understand and make meaning, that is, to become proficient users of the language. Research and experience have shown that explicit teaching of grammatical rules does not produce such competence. How should grammar be taught effectively? It still has remained a question to all the language teachers.

