英语批判性思维
李锐
目录
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1 An Overview of Critical Thinking
1.1 Lead-in
1.2 The Definition of Critical Thinking
1.3 A Brief History of Critical Thinking
1.4 The Significance of Critical Thinking
1.5 Different Thinking Styles and Systems
1.6 Common Cognitive Biases
1.7 Other Barriers to Critical Thinking
2 Basic Concepts of Critical Thinking
2.1 Lead-in
2.2 What Is an Issue
2.3 What Is a Reason
2.4 What Is a Conclusion
2.5 What Is an Argument
2.6 Evaluating Arguments
2.7 Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
3 Deductive Reasoning
3.1 Lead-in
3.2 Truth, Validity, and Soundness
3.3 Propositional Logic
3.4 Categorical Logic
3.5 Categorical Syllogisms
3.6 Disjunctive Syllogisms
3.7 Hypothetical Syllogisms
4 Inductive Reasoning
4.1 Lead-in
4.2 Strength and Cogency
4.3 Generalizations from Samples
4.4 Statistical Syllogisms
4.5 Arguments from Analogy
4.6 Causal Arguments
4.7 Deduction vs Induction vs Abduction
5 Credibility of Evidence
5.1 Lead-in
5.2 Intuition as Evidence
5.3 Personal Experience as Evidence
5.4 Common Opinion as Evidence
5.5 Expert Opinion as Evidence
5.6 Scientific Research as Evidence
5.7 Internet Information as Evidence
6 Statistical Deception
6.1 Lead-in
6.2 The Biased Sample
6.3 The Ambiguous Average
6.4 The Misleading Percentage
6.5 The Questionable Correlation
6.6 The Stunning Diagram
6.7 How to Detect Statistical Deception
7 Logical Fallacies (I)
7.1 Lead-in
7.2 Begging-the-Question Fallacies
7.3 Fallacies of Inconsistency
7.4 Fallacies of Missing Evidence
7.5 Causal Fallacies
7.6 Fallacies of Linguistic Confusion
7.7 Unwarranted Assumption Fallacies
8 Logical Fallacies (II)
8.1 Lead-in
8.2 Fallacies of Irrelevant Premise
8.3 Fallacies of Irrelevant Appeal to Emotional Factors
8.4 Fallacies of Irrelevant Appeal to Other Factors
8.5 Fallacies of Counterevidence
8.6 Ad Hominem Fallacies
8.7 Fallacies of Diversion
The Stunning Diagram
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