第一讲 第2课时
摘要：古希腊 历史部分
一、背景知识
修昔底德生平主要事迹
希波战争、伯罗奔尼撒战争
二、英文文选
修昔底德 Thucydides(460-400 B.C.)
《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》节选：《伯里克利在阵亡将士墓前的讲话》
Our form of government does not erter into rivalry with the institutions of others. Our government does not copy our neighbors’, but is an example to them. It is true that we are called a democracy, for the administration is in the hands of the many and not of the few. But while the law secures equal justice to all alike in their private disputes, the claim of excellence is also recognized; and when a citizen is in any way distinguished, he is preferred to the public service, not as a matter of privilege, but as the reward of merit.
别国的政体，难于同我国的政体相匹敌。我们的政体不模仿邻国，而是邻国的楷模。我们之所以称为民主政体，因为政权在多数人手中，而不是在少数人手中。在解决私人争端的时候，每个人在法律上都是平等的，同时也不忽略出类拔萃之辈。任何公民在成就卓著时得享功名，其优先担任公职并非因其出身显贵，而是励其功勋卓著。
Neither is poverty a bar, but a man may benefit his country whatever be the obscurity of his condition. There is no exclusiveness in our public life and in our private intercourse we are not suspicious of one another, nor angry with our neighbor if he does what he likes; we do not put on sour looks at him which, though harmless, are not pleasant. While we are thus unconstrained in our private intercourse, a spirit of reverence perades our public acts; we are prevented from doing wrong by respect for authority and for the laws, having an espcial regard to those which are ordained for the protection of the injured as well as to those unwritten laws which bring upon the transgressor of them the reprobation of the general sentiment.
家境贫寒并不是进身尽职的障碍，无名之辈照样可以为国效力。我们的公众生活自由而公开，我们的私人交往也不必猜疑；假如邻里间有人我行我素，我们也不气恼，也不给人难堪。给人脸色虽然无损大局，却能令人不悦。这样，我们私下里自由地与人交往，而在公众行为中却有所限制；我们无由触犯公益，因为我们尊奉权威，服从法律，尤其是那些保护受害者的法律和那些虽未成文却一旦触犯就会遭受公意谴责的法律。
三、速课
四、扩展知识
南开大学 王敦书 《古希腊罗马文明》
五、授课视频（非任务点）
