第一讲 第1课时
摘要：古希腊 历史部分
一、背景知识
古希腊文化的特征及其产生的环境
希罗多德生平
二、英文文选
希罗多德 Herodotus (495-425 B.C.)
《历史》节选：《希腊人与蛮族的伟大业绩》
The Great and Wonderful Actions of the Greeks and the Barbarians
These are the researches [histories] of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and or preventing the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the Barbarians from losing their due meed of glory; and withal to put on record what were their grounds of feud.
在这里发表出来的，乃是哈利卡尔那索斯人希罗多德的研究成果，他所以要把这些研究成果发表出来，是为了保存人类的功业，使之不至于年深日久而被人们遗忘，为了使希腊人和异邦人的那些值得赞叹的丰功伟绩不致失去他们的光泽，特别是为了把他们发生纷争的原因给记载下来。
According to the Persians best informed in history, the Phoenicians began the quarrel. This people, who had formerly dwelt on the shores of the Red Sea, having migrated to the Mediterranean and settled in the parts which they now inhabit, began at once, they say, to adventure on long voyages, freighting their vessels with the waves of Egypt and Assyria. They landed at many places on the coast, and among the rest at Argos, which was then pre-eminent above all the states included now under the common name of Hellas.
根据有学识的波斯人的说法，最初引起争端的是腓尼基人。他们说，以前住在红海沿岸的这些人，在迁移到我们海这边来并在这些人现在还居住着的地方定居下来，立刻便走上远途的航程；他们运载着埃及和亚述的货物，会在许许多多的地方，也在阿尔哥斯这样一个地方登陆。阿尔哥斯在今天统称为希腊的地方，是在任何方面都优于其他国家的。
Here they exposed their merchandise, and traded with the natives for five or six days; at the end of which time, when almost everything was sold, there came down to the beach a number of women, and among them the daughter of the king, who was, they say, agreeing in this with the Greeks, Io, the child of Inachus. The women were standing by the ship intent upon their purchases, when the Phoenicians, with a general shout, rushed upon them. The greater part made their eacape, but some were seized and carried off. Io herself was among the captives. The Phoenicians put the women on board their vessel, and set sail for Egypt. Thus did Io pass into Egypt, according the the Persian story, which differs widely from the Phoenician: and thus commenced, according to their authors, the series of outrages.
他们来到阿尔哥斯这里，便陈设出他们的货物来进行交易。到第五、六天，所有的货物都卖完的时候，又有许多妇女来到海岸这里，其中有一个国王的女儿。他们说她的名字和希腊人的名字一样，叫做伊奥，她的父亲就是国王伊那柯斯。妇女们站在船尾挑选她们最称心的物品，但这时腓尼基人却相互鼓励着向她们扑过去。大部分的妇女跑开了，伊奥和其他一些妇女却被腓尼基人捉住，放到船上并给带到埃及去了。
三、速课
四、扩展知识
