Unit 8 Money
In-Class Reading Time Spent Agonizing over Money
Words & Usage词汇精讲 |
major 重大的 (l..1)
[用法1] adj. 很大的，很重要的, 很严重的
e.g. All of her major works have been translated into English and French.
她所有重要的作品都已经被翻译成英语和法语。
The United States is a major influence in the United Nations.
美国在联合国内有着重要的影响力。
[用法2] n. 专业
e.g. She studies philosophy as her major in an Ivy League college.
她就读于常青藤大学之一，所学专业是哲学。
[用法3] v. 就读…专业
e.g. Her parents both majored in Political Science at Yale.
她父母都曾在耶鲁大学学习政治学专业。
[反义词] minor adj. 次要的，较小的 minority n. 少数
[相关词] majority n. 多数
order 订购 (l.2)
[用法1] v. 订购, 点菜，预定
e.g. The customer says she ordered the books six weeks ago and she still hasn’t received them.
这位顾客说她6周前就订购了这些书，但至今还没收到。
Are you ready to order, or would you like to look at the menu for a little longer?
您准备点菜了吗？或是再看会儿菜单？
[用法2] n. 订购, 点菜，预定
e.g. Can I take your order now or would you like to have a drink first?
您可以告诉我您点的菜了吗？还是想先来杯饮料？
I would like to place/make an order for a large coffee table.
我想订购一张大茶几。
[搭配] order someone something/order something for someone替某人订购
place/make an order for something 订购
take someone’s order for something 接受某人的预定/订购
list (l.10/16 )
[用法1] n 列表，目录
e.g. You should make a list of the people you want to invite to your party.
你应该把你想邀请参加聚会的人列出清单。
Damn it! I’ve left the shopping list at home.
真糟糕！我把购物清单忘在家里了。
[用法2] vt. 罗列, 列出
e.g. I have listed some useful reading materials on the blackboard.
我已经把一些有用的阅读材料罗列在黑板上了
The magazine listed Michael Jackson as the wealthiest celebrity this year.
杂志把麦克·杰克逊列为今年最富有的名人。
(be )free from 不受……困扰 (l.28)
e.g. These drugs will keep him free from pain.
这些药会帮他止痛。
When will the Princess be free from the journalists following her around where she goes?
什么时候公主才可以不受那些如影随行记者们的骚扰？
[比较] free (v.)… from
e.g. He dedicated his life to freeing the world from famine and disease.
他终身致力于让世界免受饥饿和疾病的困扰。
After three hours the firemen freed her from the wreckage.
三小时后消防员把她从残骸中救出来。
breed 类型 (l.30)
n. 一种特别的品种/种类
e.g. She was that rare breed of actress—beautiful, sexy and funny at the same time.
她就是那种难得的女演员—漂亮，性感，而且幽默。
There was a tent at the show where they had lots of rare breeds of animals.
演出的一个帐篷里有很多稀有动物。
net vt. 净赚 (l.31)
e.g. I was netting around $64,000 a year.
我每年净赚6万4千美元左右。
She netted $10 million from the sale of her company.
她把自己的公司卖了，从中净赚1千万美元。
[联想] net profit 税后净赚利润 gross profit税前收入/盈利
in light of 鉴于，考虑到…(l.46)
e.g. In light of the recent death of our chairman, we have canceled the 4th of July celebrations.
考虑到我们主席刚刚去世，我们已经取消了7月4日的庆祝活动。
In light of recent incidents, we ask our customers to take care of their personal belongings.
考虑到最近发生的事件，我们呼吁顾客们保管好私人物品。
[近义词] given, considering
care n. (l.49)
[用法1] [pl.] 令人烦恼、担心的事（常以复数的形式出现）
e.g. At last I felt free from my cares. 我终于摆脱了烦恼。
[用法2] 照顾
e.g. They share the care of the children. 他们共同照顾小孩。
[相关词组] take care 小心；
e.g. It’s very icy, so take care on the roads. 雪天路滑，路上小心。
take care of 照顾； look after照顾，关心
e.g. Who’s taking care of the dog while you are away?
你不在的时候，谁来照看这条狗？
Difficult Sentences 难句详解
1. As my friends not so subtly pointed out, the Dow Jones Industrial Average didn’t have much to
do with my financial situation and shouldn’t affect my purchase. (l.2-4)
译文 正如我朋友们明确指出的那样，道琼斯工业指数与我的财政状况并无多大关系，不
应该影响我买车。
句子主语是the Dow Jones Industrial Average ; didn’t have much to do with…和 shouldn’t
affect…作并列谓语。
文中 not so subtly意为 “不加掩饰地，明确地”。
2. Should I be saving instead of spending? (l.7)
译文我是不是应该存钱而不是花钱？
should＋be doing表示“应该……”。口语中常用来加强语气。如：
Why should he be resigning? 他为什么要辞职？
It’s unbelievable that he should be working so hard. 他工作那么努力，真是难以置信。
3. Most marriages that fail list financial problems as a contributing factor. (l.16-17)
译文经济问题被列为导致大多数婚姻失败的一个因素。
句中that fail 是修饰most marriages的定语从句；谓语动词是list。
a contributing factor: 一个起作用的因素，如：
a contributing factor in the growth of the city 在城市发展过程中起作用的一个因素
contribute to: 导致，促成；贡献
Various factors contributed to his downfall. 许多因素导致他下台。
4. When Dow fell 554 points last October, millions of people lost billions of dollars, on paper anyway. (l.18-19)
译文当去年十月道琼斯工业平均指数下跌554点的时候，数百万人损失了几十亿美元，至少在理论上是这样。
“on paper anyway” 作主句的补充说明，意思是损失的不是真正的金钱，而是同等价值的股票。
on paper 意思是“理论上的，和事实相反的”。
e.g. Several candidates looked good on paper but failed the interview.
有几个候选人看起来很不错，可面试没及格。
It’s a nice idea on paper, but you’ll never get it to work.
这主意看起来不错，但你不可能把它付诸实践。
5. There was expert anxiety on Wall Street and old-fashioned worry on Main Street. (l.19-20)
译文华尔街的金融专家们在忧虑，小城镇里的思想守旧者也在忧虑。
本句是anxiety 和worry意思相同。
6. Our reaction confirmed what we already knew: we are a people consumed by financial stress.
(l.20-21)
译文 我们的反应也证实了我们已有的看法：我们是深受经济压力折磨的人们。
we are a people consumed by financial stress补充说明what we already knew的内容，其中a people不是指一个人，而是指一类人，或者一个民族。如：
The French are known as a food-loving people. 众所周知，法国人是一个热爱美食的民族。
7. A Raw “Material” (l.22)
译文“原材料”
这里 a raw material指的就是钱，钱不是用来积聚的，而是应该当作原材料创造其他物质。只有这样，人才不至于被钱所累，生活才会无忧无虑。
[搭配] a raw recruit 新兵 raw meat/vegetable 生肉/菜
8. It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress, or who can spend money on
others as easily as he spends it on himself. (l.28-29)
译文 能够不受经济困扰而生活的人，或者能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上那么自
在的人，是不寻常的人。
本句中两个强调句，均强调主语： It is …who…, or who…。句中短语free from financial stress作live的状语。又如，以下从文中选取的句子中划线部分都是作状语，表示状态：
Had the great inventor stored his money, he would have died a wealthy man. (l.31)
如果这位大发明家把他的钱积蓄起来，去世的时候就会是一个大富翁。
Yet he departed the world penniless. (l.33)
然而，在他离开这个世界时，却身无分文。
We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs. (l.51-52)
我们晚上躺在床上，彻夜难眠地在担心，惟恐母羊压在了小羊的身上。
9. He considered it a raw material, like metal, to be used rather than amassed, and so he kept
plowing his funds back into new objects. (l.34-36)
译文 他把钱看成原材料，就像金属一样，是给人用的，而不是让人聚集的，因此他一直
把自己的基金重新投资到新的项目中去。
to be used rather than amassed 为不定式作定语，修饰material。like metal“就像金属一样”
作为插入语，举例说明raw material 。
consider sth/sb +(as/to be) n./adj. 把……看做……
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
目前，他被认为是英国最好的运动员。
10. A guest one day asked the wife if she was miserable being poor, especially in light of the great wealth she had once enjoyed. (l.46-47)
译文一天有位客人问这位妻子，她是否因贫穷而痛苦，尤其是考虑到她曾享有过巨大财富。
being poor 现在分词短语，表示原因。其他举例：
Being Sunday(=it being Sunday), the shops are overcrowded. 因为是星期天，商店挤满了人。
Being a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them. 对于文化问题，我是门外汉，所以很想研究一下。
in light of 表示“考虑到”，具体用法详见本课词汇部分。
11. The fear of need, when the pantry is full, is the thirst that can not be satisfied. (l.56-57)
译文 即便是粮食满仓，但对贫穷的恐惧会成为对积蓄难以满足的渴望。
The fear of need is the thirst是主句；状语从句when the pantry is full在句中作插入语；that
can not be satisfied是修饰thirst的定语从句。
satisfy/meet/suit one’s need/thirst/etc. 满足某人的需求/渴望……
After-Class Reading
PASSAGE I
Elias: A Parable
Words & Usage词汇精讲
at one time 曾经 (在引言中)
e.g. This used to be a very pretty valley at one time.
这里曾经是一个很美的山谷。
At one time he had been a promising youth having a well-paid job.
他曾经有份收入可观的工作，是个有前途的青年。
[快捷记忆] at a time 每次，一次; at all times 随时，总是； at no time 决不；
at any time在任何时候； at the same time同时； at times 有时
nothing but 只有；只不过；除了 (在引言中)
e.g. He is nothing but a street beggar. 他什么也不是，不过是个街边乞丐。
I have nothing but a few coins in my pocket. 我除了口袋里几枚硬币一无所有。
She is one of those guests who do nothing but complain.
她就是那些只知道抱怨的客人之一。
[比较1] anything but 很不，根本不
e.g. The bridge is anything but safe. 这座桥很不安全。
[比较2] all but, everything but, everyone but 除……以外
e.g. Eventually, everyone but Jack promised to come to his leaving party.
最终，除了杰克以外，所有人都答应来参加他的送行会。
[比较3] all but one 倒数第二
e.g. The main idea lies in the last paragraph but one of this article.
中心大意在这篇文章的倒数第二段。
better (l.4)
[用法] vt. 提高，改善
e.g. The organization was established to better conditions for the handicapped.
建立此组织是为了改善残疾人的条件。
He tried to better himself by taking evening classes.
他想通过上夜校来改善自己的境况。
[联想1] lower v. 降低
e.g. The doctor prescribed me some drugs to lower my blood pressure.
医生为我开了些降低血压的药。
[联想2] worsen v. (使……) 更糟糕
e.g. As the company’s financial problems worsened, several directors resigned.
随着公司经济问题恶化，几位主管辞职了。
[联想3] butter 黄油
plainly adv. (l.22)
[用法1] 朴素地，简单地
e.g. a plainly dressed girl 衣着朴素的女孩
a plainly furnished room 简单装饰的房间
[用法2] 清晰地， 明显地
e.g. A group of birds were plainly visible in the distance.
远处一群小鸟清晰可见。
Every citizen can plainly see the environmental problems.
每个公民都能清楚地意识到环境问题。
[近义词] clearly, obviously, apparently
suit (l.33)
[用法1] v. 适合
e.g. Finding a date that suits us all is very difficult.
很难找到一个让我们都觉得合适的日子。
Why don’t you buy a software program to suit your needs?
你为什么不买个符合你需要的软件程序呢？
[用法2] n. （一套）衣服： a jogging suit 一套慢跑运动服； a swimming suit 一套游泳衣
[联想] suite n. 旅馆套间
drive (sb./sth.)off (l.66)
[用法1] 驱赶
e.g. We keep dogs in the yard to drive off the intruders.
我们在院子里养着几只狗以赶走闯入者。
The farmer called in the police to drive the gypsies off his land.
农夫叫来警察把吉普赛人从他的土地上赶走了。
[用法2] 击退
e.g. The enemy attack was driven off by their army.
敌人的进攻被他们的军队击退了。
[快捷记忆] drive away 赶跑； drive out 迫使离开； drive up 使……快速上升
Difficult Sentences 难句详解
1. Elias had two sons and a daughter, all of whom he duly married off. (l.6)
译文 伊莱亚斯有2个儿子和一个女儿，他都恰如其分地给他们办了婚事。
all of whom 引导的是非限定性定语从句，whom 指代 two sons and a daughter，在句中作介词of的宾语。这种结构主要用于书面语。类似的例句有：
There are about seven hundred people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
约有七百人参加了选举，其中大部分是受过良好教育的人。
All the members in this society should try to help the SARS patients, all of whom are suffering mental and physical pains.
这个社会的所有成员都应该设法帮助SARS病人，他们都遭受着精神和肉体上的痛苦。
2. Next, there was a year of drought, when no hay grew, so that many cattle starved to death
during the following winter. (l.14-15)
译文 接着是一年大旱，寸草不长，结果那年冬天饿死了许多牛。
句中cattle是集体名词，以单数形式出现表达复数意思，后面动词用复数形式。如：
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 家养牛给我们提供了牛奶，牛肉和皮革。
3. so that there was no one left to help the old people. (l.19-20)
译文所以没人能帮助这对老人了。
句中过去分词短语left to help the old people 作定语修饰no one。类似例句有：
There is nothing left in the book to interest me.
这本书里再也没有别的什么能引起我兴趣。
By 5 o’clock there was hardly anyone left in the office. 到五点时，办公室里几乎没人了。
so that 表示结果，引导结果状语从句。如：
Many contestants later failed drug tests, so that the race had to be rerun.
许多参赛选手赛后药检不过关，结果只好重赛。
4. Elias thanked his good neighbor, and went with his old wife to live in the service of Muhamedshah. (l.27-29)
译文伊莱亚斯谢过这位好邻居，就和老伴搬过来做了穆罕默德的仆人。
（live）in the service of 服侍某人, 做仆人。请看下面的例句：
My grandparents used to live in the service of the last emperor in China.
我祖父母曾经是中国最后一个皇帝的仆人。
In the old days, many poor farmers were forced into the service of their landlords.
过去，很多农民因为穷被迫去当地主的仆人。
5. Moreover, they were never lazy, but worked the best they knew. (l.34-35)
译文再者，他们从来不偷懒，只是尽量把事情做得尽善尽美。
moreover（=what’s more, in addition, besides）是副词，意思为“此外，再者”, 表示前后句子之间的递增关系。
work/do the best one knows/can 竭尽某人所能
I have done the best I knew/could to rescue the workers trapped in the mine.
我已经竭尽所能营救被困在矿井下的工人。
I am working the best I know/can to pass the coming exam.
我正在全力准备，希望通过即将到来的考试。
6. You should rather ask my wife. (l.44)
译文你还是问问我妻子吧。
rather 后接动词原形，表示“最好······”。例如：
You should rather stay here. 你（最好）还是呆在这里吧。
7. yet now that we have nothing --- now that we have come to live among humble folk…
(l.58-59)
译文而现在我们一贫如洗，与下人生活在一起，……。
now that 既然，由于（后面用肯定句）
Now that you mention it, I do remember the incident. 经你一提，我想起这件事了。
Now that you’ve passed your test, you can drive on your own.
你驾驶考试既已合格，就可以独自开车了。
come to do sth 表示一个过程, “逐渐……”。请看例句：
Having spent several days with him, I have come to realize that he’s been lying to me.
和他共处几天后，我逐渐意识到他一直在对我撒谎。
After reading all her letters, he came to remember he had met her once.
读完了她所有的信后，他慢慢地想起自己曾经和她有过一面之缘。
8. For fifty years we sought happiness—but only now have we found it. (l.80-81)
译文 我们50年苦苦寻求，直到现在才找到幸福。
破折号在此表转折。
only+状语的结构放在句首，句子通常要求部分倒装。如：
Only then did I understand what my father had told me years ago. 直到那时我才理解父亲几年前和我讲的话。
放在句首、通常要求句子部分倒装的副词还有barely, hardly, little, seldom, never,
scarcely…when, no sooner… than, rarely, no more, not only等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood. 我从来没有发觉他有那么好的心情。
Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. 电话响起时，他还没完成工作。
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 他不但抱怨饭菜，还
不肯付账。
