我们在阅读时除了要分清作者所写的是客观事实还是主观看法之外，还应该从字里行间推断出作者对某一事物的看法，是赞同还是反对，或是对某一事物采取了一种中立、公正、不带倾向的态度。作者通常会用一些词表示对某些事物的看法。比如，作者用 I think/believe, in my view, in my opinion, I believe, as far as I am concerned 等表示要表达自己的看法或观点  ；用像 luckily, unfortunately 等这样的词语对某些事情表示满意或不满意  ；用像 surprisingly, to my shock, unexpectedly, regrettably, it ’ s a pity that, it ’ s desirable that 等这样的词语或表达法表达自己的惊奇、遗憾、同情等情感 ；用像certainly, obviously, undoubtedly, naturally, always, often, likely, probably, maybe, unlikely, hardly, rarely, never 等这样的词语表达不同程度的可能性。即使是对客观的事实，作者也会用一些词加以评说，表明自己的态度。如：Only 30 % of the members are female. 和As much as 30 % of the members are female. 它们所传递的信息就是不同的。

●  Read the following paragraphs and write down which words indicate the author’s opinion.

1. He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation. (Text A, Unit 1, Book 3)

2. What holds people back from pursuing their dreams and acting on their great ideas? I believe it’s fear of failure. Someone once said “there are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the most successful way.” I’ve also heard it said that “people don’t plan to fail... they fail to plan.”

3.   Last Sunday, the world lost one of its greatest on- and off-screen heroes. Christopher Reeve. Superman. My childhood hero.

  Christopher Reeve left us on October 10, 2004, after slipping into a coma a day after he suffered cardiac arrest. Mankind is a little sadder with him gone, but so much richer for having had him in it.

  For some, it may seem unusual to cry over the loss of someone you haven’t personally known, but I couldn’t help but break down in grief. While there are no words to describe how truly heartbroken I am, I wanted to make a serious address about our collective loss this past weekend. (Text A, Unit 4, Book 3)

4. Climbing to its summit became an irresistible goal for adventurers. When a reporter asked George Mallory, a British mountaineer, why he wanted to climb Everest, he famously replied, “Because it is there.” Mallory’s final attempt to reach the top ended in his death in 1924. At least 175 climbers are known to have died on Everest since 1920. Nearly 1,200 others made it to the top.