Passage B
How Do Artificial Intelligence Programs Work?
（译文）人工智能程序是如何工作的 ?
1 Are you afraid of four-year olds? Do you think they will take over the world? No? Then you may not need to worry about artificial intelligence (AI). The best AI programs only operate at the level of a four-year-old child. They seem intelligent because they can win at games like chess and make decisions quickly, but they need a lot of support.
take over 接管；接收
e.g. After the father passed away, the son took over the company.
在父亲去世后，儿子接管了公司。
He took over the school and launched a significant reform in administration.
他在接管学校后对行政管理开启重大改革。
operate v. 运转；起作用
e.g. You need to know how to operate the machine.
你需要知道如何操作机器。
The airlineoperates flights to more than 20 countries.
该航空公司运营飞往 20 多个国家的航班。
chess n. 国际象棋
（译文）你害怕四岁的孩子吗？你认为他们会占领世界吗？不会？那么你可能就不需要担心人工智能。最好的人工智能程序只相当于 4 岁孩子的行为水平。它们看起来很聪明，因为它们可以在像国际象棋这样的游戏中获胜并快速做出决定，但他们需要很多支持。
2 John Searle, a computer scientist, explains the limits of AI in a story he calls “The Chinese Room.”The room is used for answering questions in Chinese. Here are five steps you need to follow.
John Searle, acomputer scientist, explains the limits of AI in a story he calls “The Chinese Room.”
Note: 该句中 “he calls ‘The Chinese Room’” 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰 “story”，先行词在定语从句中做"call" 的宾语。
（译文）计算机科学家约翰·塞尔在他称之为“中文房间”的故事中解释了人工智能的局限性。这个房间是用来回答中文问题的。以下是你需要遵循的五个步骤。
3 First, you take a piece of paper and write a question in Chinese and put it through a small hole next tothe door.
（译文）首先，你拿一张纸，用中文写一个问题，然后把它从门旁边的一个小洞里塞进去。
4 Second, the person inside the room takes the paper and compares the Chinese characters to ones in books in the room.
charactern. 字符（Chinesecharacter 汉字 ）
（译文）第二，房间里的人拿着纸，把纸上的汉字和房间里的书上的汉字进行比较。
5 Third, the person consults a rulebook.The rulebook says things like, “When you see X symbol(s), reply with Y symbols.”
consult v. 查阅；向…请教
e.g. If you feel not well, consult your doctor.
如果你感觉不舒服，请咨询你的医生。
You can consult a dictionary if you don't know the word.
如果你不懂这个词，你可以查阅字典。
rulebook n. 规则手册
（译文）第三，房间里的人查阅规则说明书。说明书上说，“当你看到X符号时，用 Y符号作答。”
6 Fourth, the person follows the instructions and pushes the answer back through the hole next to the door.
（译文）第四，这个人按照指示把答案从门旁边的洞里递出去。
7 Fifth, you look at the person's answer and check it. If it does not answer your question, you try again, perhaps asking your question another way. When the response answers your question, you are finished.
（译文）第五，你查看该人的答案并核对。如果答案没有回答你的问题，你再试一次，也许用另一种方式提出你的问题。如果答案回答了你的问题，你的任务就完成了。
8 After getting a correct answer, you probably assumed that the person in the room was a Chinese speakerand perhaps even an intelligent one. However, the conclusion would be false. Instead, the story shows how computers seem intelligent when they are simply consulting rules and large volumes of information. The computer making these calculations is not intelligent.
conclusion n. 结论；结局
false a. 错误的；虚伪的
e.g. The news report about his death turned out to be false.
关于他死亡的新闻报道是错误的。
He used a false name to get the job.
他用假名字来得到这份工作。
The computer making these calculations is not intelligent.
Note: 该句中 “making these calculations” 是现在分词做后置定语修饰“the computer”。
calculation n. 计算；估计
e.g. I made rough calculations about the cost of this trip.
我对这次旅行的费用进行了粗略计算。
My calculation is that they will lose the game.
我估计他们将输掉比赛。
（译文）在得到正确答案后，你可能会认为房间里的人是一个说中文的人，甚至可能是一个聪明的人。然而，这个结论是错误的。相反，这个故事表明，当电脑只是在查阅规则和大量信息时，它们看起来是多么聪明。完成这些计算的计算机并不聪明。
9 Could this change? Yes, of course. In time, access to huge amounts of data and more sophisticated rules might give AI machines the ability to solve problems and do more of the thinking jobs that humans do. For example, AI is more accurate than human markers. This is because human markers get tired. They may give the same paper two different marks depending on the time of day they look at it. Acomputer AI program never gets tired.
In time, access to huge amounts of data and more sophisticated rules might give AI machines the ability to solve problems and do more of the thinking jobs that humans do.
Paraphrase: Sooner or later, by receiving a large amount of data and more complicated rules, AI machines will be able to solve problems and do more thinking that humans do .
in time 及时；适时
e.g. We arrived at theairport in time.
我们及时到达机场。
If you take ataxi, you could arrive in time for the party.
如果乘坐出租车，你可能正好赶上派对。比较 in time 和 on time
in time 指不迟到、及时或最终，即在结束时刻之前或设定时间到期之前。
on time 指准时，即根据时间表或计划发生的事件。
e.g. The airplane took off on time.
飞机准时起飞。
Every member is expected to arrive early so that the meeting can be held on time.
希望每位成员都能提前到达，以便能够按时举行会议。
I set the alarm to wake up in time to go to work.
我设置了闹钟，为了及时醒来去工作。
Surprisingly, the package wasn't delivered in time.
令人惊讶的是，包裹没有及时送到。
amounts of 大量的；相当数量的
e.g. The server can store huge amounts of data.
服务器可以存储大量数据。
During the Spring Festival, we spend amounts of time in our hometown.
在春节期间，我们在家乡度过了一段时间。
sophisticated a. 复杂的；久经世故的
e.g. She appeared very sophisticated to me.
她看起来非常老练。
A large andsophisticated new telescope will be set up in the neighborhood.
附近将建一个大型精密的新望远镜。
accurate a. 精确的
e.g. The answer she had given was accurate.
她给出的答案是准确的。
We hope to become more accurate in calculating the numbers.
我们希望在计算数字时更加精确。
marker n. 阅卷人
depend on取决于；依靠
e.g. The boys depend on each other for support.
这些男孩子互相支持对方。
You can depend on him as he is a decent person.
他是一个很正派的人，你可以信赖他。
（译文）这种情况会改变吗？是的，当然。随着时间的推移，计算机获得大量数据和更复杂的规则，人工智能机器就能够获得解决问题并像人类一样进行更多思考的能力。例如，人工智能机器比人类计分员更准确。这是因为人类计分员会疲劳。他们可能会给两张完全相同的试卷打两个不同的分数，这取决于他们看卷子的时间。计算机人工智能程序永远不会累。
10 In 2015, Dr. David Hanson, of Hanson Robotics, built a lifelike AIrobot named Sophia. Sophia's face can show dozens of different expressions and her eyes are cameras. She uses computer processors to help her understand what people say. She responds in a human-like voice.
lifelike a. 栩栩如生的；逼真的
e.g. There are many lifelike paintings on the wall of the cave.
洞穴墙上有许多栩栩如生的画作。
The mask was so lifelike that it scared the children away.
面具是如此逼真，以至于吓跑了孩子们。
processor n. 加工业者；处理器
（译文）2015 年，汉森机器人公司的大卫·汉森博士制造了一个名为索菲亚的仿真人工智能机器人。索菲亚的脸可以表现出几十种不同的表情，她的眼睛是照相机。她使用计算机处理程序来帮助她理解人们所说的话。她用类似人类的声音回应问话。
11 It sounds impressive, but the key problem is not the thinking ability of an AI machine. It is giving robots control over important decisions. In such cases, a mistaken rule or incorrect data might encourage the AI robot to harm humans. At a conference, on March 17, 2016, Hanson jokingly asked Sophia a question. “Do you want to destroy humans? Please say no.”
It sounds impressive...
Note: 这里的sound是系动词，后跟形容词做表语。系动词包括感官动词look, smell, taste,
feel 和sound;状态系动词 seem, appear, keep, remain, stay 和 prove 等；以及状态变化系动词 go,
grow, become, turn, come 等。更多例子：
It smells good.
这闻起来味道不错。
The situation remains unstable.
形势仍不稳定。
Everything grows big from small.
所有事物都是由小变大。
impressive a. 感人的；给人以深刻印象的
e.g. What the man has done in the fire was impressive.
这名男子在火灾中的事迹很感人。
There are some very impressive buildings in the town.
镇上有一些非常令人印象深刻的建筑。
in such cases 在这种情况下
e.g. In such cases, the lost child should turn to the police for help.
在这种情况下，走失的孩子应该向警察求助。
In such cases, you may get burned for wrong operation of the stove.
在这种情况下，您可能因错误操作炉子而被烧伤。
jokinglyad. 开玩笑地；闹着玩地
e.g. The man said jokingly to his girlfriend that they should get married.
那个男人开玩笑地对他的女朋友说，他们应该结婚。
My child jokingly called himself Monkey King.
我的孩子开玩笑地称自己为孙悟空。
destroy v. 摧毁；破坏
e.g. What the celebrity had done destroyed his career and his marriage.
这位名人的所作所为摧毁了他的事业和婚姻。
The hurricane destroyed the ship and drowned most of the passengers.
飓风摧毁了这艘船，淹死了大部分乘客。
（译文）这听起来很棒，但关键问题不在于人工智能机器的思维能力。而是它让机器人控制重要的决策。在这种情况下，一个错误的规则或不正确的数据可能会鼓励人工智能机器人伤害人类。2016年 3月 17日，汉森在一次会议上开玩笑地问了索菲亚一个问题。“你想毁灭人类吗？请说不。”
12 Sophia replied, “Okay, I will destroy humans.”
（译文）索菲亚说 :“好吧，我要毁灭人类。”
13 In the end, Sophia has a lot to learn.
in the end 最后，最终
e.g. In the end, he crossed the finishing line.
最后，他跨过了终点线。
No matter what happened, you will be surrounded and supported by your family in the end.
无论发生什么，最后在你身边支持你的人始终是你的家人。
（译文）最后，索菲亚还有很多要学。
