Passage A

Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Joseph E. Aoun

Cultural note:

Joseph Elie Aoun (1953–) is the seventh president of Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, where he took office on August 15, 2006. Previously, Aoun was dean of the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences at the University of Southern California.

robot-proof a. something, a task or activity, that arobot cannot interact with or complete 防

范机器人的；机器人无法胜任的

Artificial Intelligence(abbr. AI) 人工智能

（译文）对抗机器人：人工智能时代的高等教育

1 Thousands of years ago, the Agricultural Revolution transformed our foraging ancestors intofarmers. Hundreds of years ago, the Industria lRevolution turned farmers into factory workers. Dozens of years ago, the Digital Revolution changed factory workers into knowledge workers.

transformv. make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, etc. 转变，彻底

改变

e.g. The barren land was transformed into a beautiful garden.

不毛之地被改造成漂亮的花园。

Politics have strengths that can transform environment.

政治具有改变环境的力量。

比较 change, turn, transform, alter, convert

·       change: to make or become different 可以用于任何变化，强调与之前有明显不同

e.g. You should change your hairstyle. 你应该换个发型。

·      turn：to change or alter the nature, character, or appearance of 更强调外形、特点、性质等方面的变化

e.g. His faceturned red. 他的脸变红了。

·       transform：to make a marked change in form, function, appearance, character, etc.强调在形状、外观、功能、性质等方面的彻底变化

e.g. Marilyn would transform herself into a radiant star before the camera. 玛丽莲在镜头前完全成为一个艳光四射的明星。

·       alter: to change something, usually slightly 常用于表示轻微改变，部分调整

e.g. You need toalter the schedule. 你需要调整计划。

·convert: to turn to another or a particular use or purpose; to change to a new religion, belief, opinion, etc., or to make some one do this多用于表示目的和功用的改变；还可指宗教信仰和思想的转变

e.g. Could we convert the study into a bedroom?我们可以把书房改成卧室吗？

foragev. to search for food, provisions, etc. 搜寻食物，觅食

e.g. You stay here while I go and forage for food in the wild.

你就待在这里，我去野外寻找食物。

ancestor n. a member of your family who lived along time ago 祖先，祖宗

（译文）几千年前，农业革命将我们食无定所的祖先转变成农民。几百年前，工业革命把农民转变成工人。 数十年前，数字革命将工厂工人转变为知识工作者。

2    Today, a new technological leap—the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution—is again upending previous certainties about employment.

upend v. to upset or topple 颠倒，颠覆

e.g. Farmers upend their milk into a huge metal trough.

农民把他们的牛奶倒进一个巨大的金属桶里。

They are likely to upend humanity's understanding of itself.

他们很可能颠覆人类对自身的理解。

certainty n. something established as certain or inevitable 确定的事，必然的事

e.g. A good debate will give you certainty to win the game.

一场精彩的辩论会使你有把握赢下这场比赛。

His failure is a certainty.

他肯定会失败。

employment n. the situation in which people have work就业，职业

e.g. She spends near two hours commuting to the place of employment every day.

她每天通勤时间接近两个小时。

Many youngpeople are leaving western areas to find employment in big cities.

许多年轻人离开西部地区到大城市就业。

（译文）今天，新的技术飞跃——人工智能（AI）革命——再次颠覆之前所有关于就业的定式。

3 That is because smart machines are getting smarter. Several studies—including from the University of Oxford, McKinsey and PricewaterhouseCoopers—predict that up to half of all jobs performed by humans could disappear within the next 20years. At the same time, new jobs will emerge, including ones that we can't even imagine today.

McKinsey麦肯锡（公司）（美国知名管理咨询公司）

McKinsey: Founded in 1926 by James O. McKinsey, McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm. It conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate management decisions across the publicand private sectors. Currently, the company has offices in more than 120 citiesin over 60 countries.

PricewaterhouseCoopers （简称 PwC）普华永道公司（国际会计审计专业服务网络）

PricewaterhouseCoopers: PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) is one of the leading professional service networks in the world and one of the Big Four auditors, along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG. Its headquarters is in London, United Kingdom. Currently, PwC has offices in 158 countries and employs more than 236,000 people.

predict v. to say that sth. will happen in the future 预测；预告

e.g. People tried to predict an earthquake accurately.

人们试图精准地预测地震。

I cannot predict what will happen next year.

我无法预测明年会发生什么。

emerge v. to come into view 出现，浮现

e.g. New threats and vulnerabilities emerge.

新的威胁和漏洞出现了。

More and more measures to fight against corruption have emerged in the past few years.

在过去几年中出现了越来越多的反腐措施。

（译文）那是因为智能机器变得越来越聪明。来自牛津大学、麦肯锡和普华永道及其他的几项研究预测，在未来的 20 年里，人力承担的所有工作中有一半可能会消失。与此同时，新的就业机会将会出现，其中有些是我们今天无法想象的。

4       Learning has always been the surest antidote to technological redundancy. This remains true today; it is now the obligation of educators to ensure that our learners become“robot-proof”. antidote n. ways to overcome the situation; a substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease克服…的方法；解药

e.g. He appears to have found the simplest antidote to the burdens of age.

他似乎找到了解决年龄负担的最简单的方法。

Science is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition.

科学是解决热情和迷信毒液的良药。

redundancy n. discharge from a job or employment because of not being needed 裁员

e.g. There is a redundancyof soldiers in the country.

这个国家在裁军。

Hundreds of employees are facing redundancy.

数百名员工面临裁员。

it is now the obligation of educators to ensure that our learners become “robot-proof”.

Note: 该句使用了形式主语结构，真正的主语是不定式结构 “to ensure that...”

obligation n . a moral or legal requirement; duty 义务；责任

e.g. The police have the obligation to maintain the stability of the traffic.

警察有义务维持交通。

He regards it asan obligation to protect the whole family.

他认为保护家庭是他的责任。

ensure v. to make sure or certain 确保；使安全

e.g. How did she ensure Tom was safe?

她怎么确保汤姆的安全？

This plan will ensure a nice retirement for us.

这个计划将确保我们美好的退休生活。

（译文）一直以来，学习是解决技术性失业的最可靠方案，今天依然如此；现在，教育工作者要承担义务，确保我们的学习者有能力“对抗机器人”。

5       This will present both a mandate, and an opportunity, for higher education to change. A robot-proof education will prepare learners to perform those jobs that only humans can do.

mandate n. a requirement or a document giving an official instruction or command 要 求 ；受命进行的工作 v. 授权

e.g. The marshal was given a mandate to use all resources to bring in the escaped prisoner.

警察局长接到命令，调动所有资源抓回逃犯。

The President of the country issued a law mandating a border wall to stop illegal immigration.

该国总统颁布了一项法律，要求设立边境墙以阻止非法移民。

（译文）对于高等教育来说，这将会是改革的命令和机遇。对抗机器人的教育将会帮助学习者做好准备，执行那些只有人类才能完成的工作。

6       What is needed to meet this challenge is a new blueprint for higher education, which must include three important components.

blueprint n. any exact or detailed plan or outline 蓝 图

e.g. The blueprint of the playground project is ready.

游乐场的蓝图已经准备好了。

The summit provided a blueprint for getting the country out of recession.

该峰会提供了让国家走出衰退的蓝图。

component    n. serving as one of the parts of a whole 成分，组成部分

e.g. Enriched uranium is a critical component for both civil nuclear power generation and military nuclear weapons.

浓缩铀是民用核能和军事核武器的重要组成部分。

Astronomers have discovered a previously unknown component of the Milky Way.

天文学家发现了银河系以前未知的一个部分。

（译文）迎接这一挑战需要描绘高等教育的新蓝图，这其中必须包括三个重要组成部分。

7       First, we need a new curriculum involving the integration of technical literacies, such as coding and data analytics, with uniquely human literacies, such as creativity, entrepreneurship, ethics and cultural agility.This integration will develop a creative mind set and the mental elasticity to invent, discover and produce original ideas in the AI age.

First, we need a new curriculum involving the integration oftechnical literacies...

Note: 该句中的 “involving...” 是现在分词结构做后置定语修饰 “a new curriculum”。

curriculum n. a course of study in one subject at aschool or college 课程

e.g. A well-designed reading curriculum aims to make the learning process enjoyable and fun for the kids.

精心设计的阅读课程旨在使孩子们学习过程愉快而又有趣。

She was verycurious about the school's curriculum.

她对学校的课程非常好奇。

integration n. the act of combining or adding parts tomake a unified whole 整合，一体化

e.g. This machine is actually the true integration of convenience and functionality.

这个机器真正地整合了便捷性和功能性。

China will facilitate economic growth and regional integration through national and international trade.

中国将通过国内和国际贸易来推动经济增长和地区一体化。

literacy n. the ability to read and write 读写能力

e.g. In the past decade, adult literacy has been improved a lot in this country.

在过去十年中，这个国家的成人读写能力得到了很大提高。

Improving student's information literacy is a fundamental goal of information technology education.

提高学生的信息素养是信息技术教育的根本目标。

coding n . 编码，编程序

analytics n. 分析，分析方法

uniquely ad. being the only one of its kind 独特地；珍奇地

ethic n. a system of moral standards or values 伦理，道德体系

e.g. He complains about younger employees not having a good work ethic.

他抱怨年轻员工缺乏良好的职业道德。

A business may develop a code of ethics for different reasons.

企业可能出于不同的原因制定道德守则。

agility n. mental quickness or acuteness 机敏，机灵

e.g. He climbed onto the roof with agility.

他敏捷地爬上屋顶。

Being a great leader requires mental agility.

做一名伟大的领导需要头脑敏捷。

mindset n. the way someone typically thinks about things 观念模式；思维定式

e.g. You have to open your mindset if you want to learn something.

如果你想学点东西，你最好放开你的思维。

It's much more difficult to change the mindset of an old person.

改变一位老年人的观念要困难得多。

elasticity n. adaptability; flexibility 弹性；灵活性

e.g. Doing facial exercises can help you retain the skin's elasticity.

做面部运动可以帮助你保持皮肤弹性。

invent v. to make or think of a new type of thing 创造；发明

e.g. I wonder when the computer was invented.

我想知道计算机是什么时候发明的。

Paper was invented by the Chinese in the second first century AD.

纸是由中国人在公元二世纪发明的。

（译文）首先，我们需要新的课程，将编码和数据分析等技术素养与创造力、创业精神、道德和文化灵活性等独特的人类素养相结合。这种结合将培养出创造性思维和智力灵活性，能够在 AI 时代创造、发现和产生原创思想。

8       Second, we must allow students to hone their uniquely human attributes. They will learn to collaborate better with other people (and machines) while performing the complex, highly skilled work of tomorrow. We can also teach students to recognize when technology is not the answer, when wemust rely on human qualities such as empathy and teamwork. In other words, we can give them the tools to succeed at any situation.

hone v. to develop and improve sth., especiallya skill, over a period of time 磨炼；训练

e.g. The dancer's skills were honed to perfection.

舞者的技能得到了完美的磨练。

The barberspends months honing his skills.

这位理发师花费数月的时间来磨练自己的技能。

attribute n. a property or feature belonging to a person or thing 属性，特征

e.g. Patience is an attribute of a good doctor.

耐心是一个好医生应有的品质。

The crown is the attribute of power. 

皇冠是权力的标志。

collaborate v. to work with another or others on a joint project 合作，协作

e.g. Two writers collaborated in preparing this book.

两位作家合作筹备这本书。

In order for the team to perform a complex task, all membersmust collaborate with each other.

为了团队执行复杂的任务，所有成员必须相互协作。

We can also teach students to recognize when technology is not the answer, when we must rely on human qualities such as empathy and teamwork.

Paraphrase: We can also train students to make a correct judgement about the situation in which we cannot rely on technology, but on ourselves, through empathy and teamwork.

rely on to bedependent on 依靠，依赖

e.g. Will you rely on me to keep this secret?

你能相信我会保守这个秘密吗？

I really recommend you not to rely on this reference answer.

我真的建议你别依赖这个参考答案。

empathy n. the ability to understand another person's feelings, experience, etc. 同感；共鸣

e.g. Because Mary has a strong sense of empathy, she will be a very effective marriage counselor.

由于玛丽具有强烈的同情心，她将是一位非常有效的婚姻顾问。

比 较 empathy 和 sympathy

sympathy:(an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering.（站在旁观者的立场上）对于他人痛苦遭遇的同情

empathy: theability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own

（站在对方的立场上）对别人的感情感同身受，抱有同情

e.g. The President expressed his sympathy for her loss of her son.

总统表达了对于她丧子的同情。

As a parent, I feel a great deal of empathy for mothers who lose their children.

作为家长，对失去孩子的母亲我能感同身受。

in other words 换句话说

（译文）第二，我们必须要让学生磨练独特的人格特质。他们将在未来执行复杂、高技巧工作的同时学习与他人（和机器）进行更好的协作。我们还可以教学生辨别何时科技将会黔驴技穷，何时人类品质，譬如同理心和团队合作等，将会成为我们的坚实依靠。换句话说，我们可以给予他们在任何情况下获取成功的工具。

9  To fully master this curriculum, however, classroom learning is not enough. Unlike machines, human beings don't improve simply through exposure to ever greater volumes of information. Ideally, we learn by putting knowledge into use in different living contexts.

Experiential learning transforms theory into real knowledge. Co-ops, internships, research and global experiences help students to deepen their understanding beyond “what” into “why.”

master v. to learn or understand sth. completely 精通；掌握 n. 大师；主人

e.g. If you can master a foreign language, it is a great achievement.

如果你能掌握一门外语，这是一个不小的成就。

He quickly mastered the skill of carving.

他很快掌握了雕刻技巧。

You need to fight to become the master of your own fate.

你需要争取成为自己命运的主人。

In the movie, the man was a master of Chinese kung fu.

在电影中，这名男子是中国功夫的大师。

exposure n. a condition of displaying, revealing 暴露，揭露

e.g. He threatened them with public exposure.

他扬言要公开揭发他们。

Exposure to the sun for a long time will damage the skin.

长时间暴露在太阳下会损害皮肤。

volume n. a large mass or quantity 大 量

e.g. Investment volume in Singapore will pick up next year.

新加坡的投资总量明年将会回升。

In most citiesand towns, the high volume of road traffic has become a problem.

在大多数城镇，道路交通流量过高已成为问题。

Unlike machines, human beings don't improve simply through exposure to ever greater volumes of information. Ideally, we learn by putting knowledge into use in different living contexts.

Paraphrase: Machines learn and perfect themselves by receiving and storing great volumes

of knowledge, while human beings, on the other hand, learn by using knowledge in everyday situation.

experiential a. of or based on experience; empirical 经验的，根据经验的

e.g. Experiential knowledge is knowledge that you get from experience.

经验知识是你从经验获得的知识。

I realized the value of experiential learning.

我认识到体验式学习的价值。

co-op n. 合作教育模式

internship n. 实 习

deepen v. to make or become deeper 加深，加强

e.g. Commercial and policy banks must deepen their reform.

商业银行和政策性银行必须要深化改革。

We should deepen understanding and friendship between our foreign guests.

我们要与国外友人加深了解和友谊。

（译文）但是，要充分掌握这门课程，课堂学习是不够的。与机器不同，人类的提高不仅仅是通过接触更多的信息。在理想状态下，我们通过在不同的生活情景中运用知识来学习。体验式学习将理论转化为真正的知识。合作项目、实习机会、研究和全球经验帮助学生深化理解“为什么”，而不仅仅是“是什么”。

10     Integrating classroom learning and real-world experience bridges the abstract and the tangible, teaching students to transfer knowledge to unexpected situations—a talent lacking in even the most brilliant machines.

Note:  该 段 中 “Integrating classroom learning and real-world experience”是 动 名 词 做 主语。“teaching students...”是现在分词做伴随状语；“lacking in...”是现在分词做后置定语修饰“a talent”。

bridge    v. to provide connection across or between 把…连接

e.g. The government is going to bridge two small islands next year.

政府打算明年把两座小岛连起来。

The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children.

父母在设法弥合与子女的代沟。

abstract a. based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events

抽象的；纯理论的

e.g. The pupils have difficulty in dealing with abstract concepts. Please explain them with examples.

小学生们难以理解抽象概念，请用实际的案例解释给他们听。

Few readers would like to pay attention to the theory in this book because it was abstract.

很少有读者愿意关注这本书里的理论，因为它太抽象了。

tangible a. that you can touch and feel 可触摸的，明确的

e.g. Although Sandy did not own a house, he had several tangible assets like his car.

虽然桑迪没有自己的房子，但他有一些有形资产，比如他的车。

We can all learn something useful and see tangible results from the effort.

我们都可以从中学到一些有用的东西，并且通过我们的努力可以看到切实的效果。

transfer v. to move from one place to another 转移；搬迁

e.g. The headquarters of the company was transferred to Shanghai.

公司总部搬迁到了上海。

The helicopter transferred the patient to a large hospital.

直升机将病人转移到一家大医院。

（译文）课堂学习和现实经验的结合会在抽象和具体之间架起桥梁，教导学生将知识应用于意想之外的情况——这种才能即便是最聪明的机器也无法企及。

11   A robot-proof model mustalso account for the fact that learningcannot end on the day a person graduates. No one is set for life. As machinescontinue to improve, people must follow suit,honing their mental capacities, skills and technological knowledge. Lifelong learning is no longer optional, which means that universities should promote it from the sidelines of higher education to the center of the educational enterprise.

A robot-proof model must also account for the fact that learning cannot end on the day a person graduates.

Note:该句中 fact 后跟同位语从句。

account for  give reasons for 对…做出解释

e.g. Can you account for the money you spent?

你能和我说明一下钱都花在哪了？

The following data can account for this phenomenon.

以下数据可以解释这一现象。

follow suitto act in the same way as someone else 照着做，效仿

e.g. Do not convince others to follow suit.

别劝他人进行效仿。

I will follow suit if you really want to complete it.

如果你真的想完成它的话，我会跟着做。

As machines continue to improve, people must follow suit, honing their mental capacities, skills and technological knowledge.

Note: 该句中 “honing...” 是现在分词结构做伴随状语。

capacity n. someone's ability to do something 能力，才能

e.g. She has a great capacity for challenging tasks.

她很有能力处理具有挑战性的任务。

It’s beyond his capacity to memorize so much contents in such a short time.

在这么短的时间内记住这么多内容超出了他的能力。

Lifelong learning is no longer optional, which means that universities should promote it from the sidelines of higher education to the center of the educational enterprise.

Paraphrase: Lifelong learning will be necessary. It means that universities should no longer

underestimate its importance, and instead, lifelong learning should be a priority in higher education.

lifelong a. continuing or existing all through yourlife 终生的，毕生的

sideline n. (~s)（地区或组织等的）外围

e.g. The team manager stood on the sidelines shouting instructions to the players.

球队经理站在场边对球员喊出指令。

enterprise n. a large project, especially one that is difficult 规划；事业

e.g. Building the mansion in six months is going to be quite an enterprise for our small construction team.

对于我们这个小小的建筑队来说，在六个月内建造这座大厦将是一个相当大的工程。

Her latest enterpriseis to set up the largest charity organization in the country.

她最近的雄伟计划是建立该国最大的慈善组织。

（译文）对抗机器人的模式也必然导致这样的情况，即学习并不能终止于毕业一刻。没有人可以一生无虞。随着机器的不断完善，人们必须仿而效之，磨炼自己的智力、技能和科技知识。 终身学习不再是自由选项，这意味着大学应该将其从高等教育的外围推至教育事业的中心。

12  To reach lifelong learners—many of whom work full time—universities will need to meet people where they are. The idea that a mid-career professional can take one or two years out of the workplace to pursue an advanced degree is increasingly unrealistic.

To reach lifelong learners—many of whom work full time—universities will need to meet people where they are.

Note: 在这里where they are 为地点状语从句。

The idea that amid-career professional can take one or two years out of the workplace to pursue an advanced degree is increasingly unrealistic.

Note: 在这里idea后面的 that amid-career professional can take one or two years out of the

workplace to pursue an advanced degree 为同位语从句。

mid-career职业生涯中期

professional n. 专业人员 a. 专业的；职业的

e.g. It takes many yearsto train a professional athlete.

训练一名职业运动员要花很多年。

There are some health professionals to provide free body examinations to the elderly in the neighborhood.

有一些医务人员为附近的老人提供免费体检。

workplace n. 职场；工作场所

advanceda. studying or dealing with a school subject at a difficult level 高深的，高级的

e.g. When I was incollege, advanced math was an optional course.

当我上大学时，高级数学是一门选修课程。

This carrier was equipped with advanced weapon systems.

这艘航母配备了先进的武器系统。

increasingly ad. more and more all thetime 越来越多地；不断增加地

（译文）为了接触到终身学习者——他们中的许多人从事全职工作，大学需要进入他们所在的地方。一个在职人员脱产一到两年读学位的想法越来越不现实。

13           Universities should, therefore, seize the opportunity to partner with employers, keeping content relevant to workforce needs. They can embed educational programs directly into workplaces, reaching employees in the conference room and on the factory floor. They can organize content in flexible ways, shedding the constraints of traditional degree programs by offering learning in modular blocks, stacked according to demand.

Note: 该段共三句话，使用了排比句式：“Universities (They) should/can..., doing...”，其中

“doing....” 部分是现在分词结构做伴随状语的用法。该段末尾处的 “stacked” 是过去分词做定语修饰

“modular blocks”。

seize v. to take sb./sth. in your hand suddenly and using force 抓住；捉住

e.g. The poor girl seized her father and begged him not to leave her.

这个可怜的女孩抓住了她的父亲，请求他不要离开她。

The diligent girl seized the opportunity of furthering her study abroad.

这个勤奋的女孩抓住了出国深造的机会。

embed v. to set or fix firmly in a surrounding mass 使嵌入

e.g. A bullet had embedded itself in the timbers at his feet.

一颗子弹嵌入他脚下的木料中。

Horror has been deeply embedded in his mind.

恐惧已经深入他的心灵。

conference n. a large formal meeting 会 议

flexible a. able to change to suit new conditions or situations 能适应新情况的；灵活的

e.g. They want to hire someone who is flexible.

他们想聘请能够随机应变的人。

He prefers a flexible schedule so that he can have time to handle emergent matters.

他更喜欢灵活的时间表，这样他有时间处理紧急事务。

shed v. to get rid of sth. no longer needed or wanted 去除；摆脱

e.g. You should have the will power to shed your bad habits.

你要有意志力来摆脱坏习惯。

More and more patients are seeking acupuncture and fire-cupping treatments to help shed weight.

越来越多病人通过针灸和火罐治疗来减肥。

constraint n. restraint 约束，限制

e.g. She lost her shyness and her voice rose without constraint.

她不再羞怯，毫无拘束地提高了声音。

This decision will impose lots of constraints on my company.

这个决定会对我的公司施加诸多限制。

modular block 模 块

（译文）因此，大学应该抓住与雇主合作的机会，让教学内容切合就业者的需求。他们可以将教学课程直接融入工作场所，在会议室和工厂与员工接触。它们可以灵活地组织教学内容，通过提供模块化教学，根据学生需求进行罗列，从而摆脱传统学位课程的限制。

14           For centuries, the great universities of the world have played a leading role in creating knowledge and preparing students for active and engaged lives within society. For learners to master the economic and social challenges brought on by smart machines, higher education will need to adapt.

For centuries,the great universities of the world have played a leading role in creating knowledge and preparing students for active and engaged lives within society.

Paraphrase: For centuries, the top universities in the world have made the biggest contribution in creating new knowledge for human beings and training students to be active and devoted individuals in the society.

play a role 起作用；扮演角色

e.g. In family life, the father plays a very important role.

在家庭生活中，父亲发挥非常重要的作用。

In the play, she played the role of Cinderella. 

在演出中，她扮演灰姑娘的角色。

engaged a. employed, occupied, or busy 受雇佣的，忙碌的

e.g. The line is engaged.

电话占线。

He was engagedto pull up weeds.

他被雇去拔草。

bring on to induce or cause 引起

e.g. Peanuts can bring onfood allergies.

花生可能引起食物过敏。

The incident brought on a crisis.

该事件导致了一场危机。

adapt v. to change sth. in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation 使适应

e.g. He was quickly adapted to the new environment.

他很快适应了新的环境。

It took me sometime to adapt to the new job.

我花了一些时间来适应这份新工作。

（译文）几个世纪以来，世界知名大学在创造知识和培养学生积极投入社会生活方面发挥了主导作用。为了让学生能够掌控智能机器带来的经济和社会挑战，高等教育需要调整。

15           The solutions necessary to make our citizens robot-proof are clear. All we need now is the courage to make them a reality.

Note: “necessary to make our citizens robot-proof” 是形容词做后置定语修饰“the solutions”；

“we need” 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句修饰代词 “all”。

（译文）帮助我们的国民抵御机器人冲击的必要手段已被摆上台面，我们现在需要的是使之成为现实的勇气。

Understanding the Reading

  Task 1      Identifying main ideas

Complete the summary with key information from the passage. More than one answer may be possible.

The Artificial Intelligence Revolution is beginning to upset long-standing certainties that we have held about 1. human employment. As more machines begin performing human jobs, it is important for educators toensure that today's learners become “2. robot-proof”. It is therefore crucial that they teach students how to integrate 3. both technical and human literacies, allow them to hone their uniquely human attributes, and help them transform theory into knowledge through 4. experiential learning. Universities mustal so promote 5.lifelong learning, as well as partner with employers to keep content relevant to the needs of the workforce.

Task 2Reading for details

The following statementsabout the details in the passage are incorrect. Correct them on the lines according to your understanding.

1.     Hundreds of years ago, the Industrial Revolution turned our for aging ancestors into knowledge workers.

Hundreds of years ago, the Industrial Revolution turned farmers into factory workers.

2.     Today, the Digital Revolution is transforming factory workers intofarmers. Today, the AI Revolution is upending previous certainties about employment.

3.     Up to half of the jobs performed by machines today could disappear within the next 100 years.

Up to half of the jobs performed by people today could disappear within the next 20 years.

4.     We must teach students that technology is always the answer, and that we cannot rely on human attributes in the workplace.

We must teach students that technology is not always the answer, and that we must relyon some human attributes in the workplace.

5.     As technological progress slows down, higher education will not need to change.  As technological progress continues, higher education will need to adapt.

Task 3Note answers to thequestions below. Discuss with a partner.

1.     Why might many human jobs disappear in the near future?

Suggested answer:

Many human jobs might disappear in the near future, because human workers are increasingly being replaced by machines.

2.     What does the author mean when he says that today's learners need to become “robot-proof”?

Suggested answer:

He means that learners today must be taught skills that allow them to continue to be part of a workforce in which robots are performing more and more jobs previously done by people.

3.     Explain one component of the author's proposed “robot-proof”curriculum.

Suggested answer:

Students need to be taught not simply through exposure to a lot of information, but through putting knowledge into use in different living contexts. He argues that experiences such as co-ops, internships, and research opportunities help students transform theory into real knowledge that they can use in the workplace.

Exploring Vocabulary

Task 4These sentences are about the passage. Complete them with the target words and phrases in the box. Change the form when necessary.

1.     While many jobs performed by humans could be taken over by machines in the near future, new jobs for people will emerge.

2.     Educators have a(n) obligation to prepare students for jobs that only humans can perform.

3.    Cultural agility is a uniquely human characteristic.

4.     Our foraging ancestors were able to be transformed into farmers thanks to the Agricultural Revolution.

5.    There is now a(n) mandate for higher education to change.

6.     Today, the Artificial Intelligence Revolution threatens to upend certain expectations about employment.

7.     Machines cannot express empathy.

8.    To fully master a newcurriculum, classroom learning alone is not enough.

9.    As technology continues to improve, students need to refine their mental capacity.

10. Education can help to prevent technological redundancy.

11.  Higher education must adapt in order to prepare students for entering the workforce in the AIera.

12.  Today's students should be taught how to collaborate with other people and machines.

13.  Students must be encouraged to hone their uniquely human attributes.

14.  It is up to educators to ensure that students become“robot-proof”.

15.  One component of a new curriculum for students in the age of AI should involve putting knowledge into use in different living contexts.

Task 5These sentences use the target words and phrases in new contexts. Complete them with the words and phrases in the box. Change the form when necessary.

1.    If you upend the box, it will take up less space.

2.    The prime minister was elected with a clear mandate to tackle climate change.

3.    With surprising agility,the old cat darted across the yard.

4.    A new coat of paint can truly transform a room.

5.     Marta felt real empathy for the animals in the cages at the zoo.

6.     To master playing the piano, you must practice everyday.

7.     Trust is an important component of any relationship.

8.     The bus was crowded to its full capacity.

9.    All living organisms must adapt to changes in their environments in order to survive.

10.  After several weeks, the butterfly will emerge from the cocoon in its adult form.

11.  The work will get done more quickly if we collaborate.

12.  Ensure that these old computers are properly and safely disposed of.

13.  Once you hone your writing skills, you will see that your essays improve.

14.  When teachers assign homework, students have a(n) obligation to finish it.

15.  The factory's workers face redundancy because there is no more work available.

Task 6Word forms

Look back over the passage, or consult your dictionary to find the missing word forms in the chart. After completing the chart, for each sentence below, look at the row in the chart with the same number, and choose the correct word form to complete the sentence.

1.     What is your prediction for the outcome of the election?

2.     The college authorities have made this class obligatory, not optional.

3.     At first, my grandmother found it difficult to integrate into Canadian society when she arrived here from Italy.

4.     Watching this cooking show has inspired me to become more inventive with my own cooking.

5.     The attribution of this painting to Leonardo da Vinci is now questioned by several art experts.

6.    All exposed skin must becovered with protective clothing.

7.     It took a bit of creativity to transform the old door into a table.

8.     Today's schedule is organized flexibly so that students can decide which activities they want to participate in.

9.    The presentation was a(n) collaborative effort between Sav and Anya.

10.  Monkeys are very agile climbers.

Task 7Collocations

Use collocations from the passage to complete the sentences below. Some of the words or phrase are given in the brackets. More than one answer may be possible. Example:

I can't come over tonight, because I need to get over this mountain of math homework. (get over)

1.     True leadership means meeting challenges head-on.(challenge)

2.    Brainstorming can help you produce an idea for the essay you wish to write.(idea)

3.     The intention is to put the existing building into use as are tirement home. (put into use)

4.     Mental overload is one of the greatest challenges to transforming information into knowledge. (information, knowledge)

5.     In recent years, China has begun to play a leading role inthe development of AI technologies. (role)

Task 8Reading in depth

There is a short passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in the box following thepassage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Although we often think of 1. robotics as a completely 2. modern science, the first known robot was actually created around 400 BC by the Greek 3. mathematician Archytas. Known as the “father of  mechanical  4.  engineering”, he constructed a(n) 5. artificial bird out of wood. It was 6. suspended from a pivot bar, and its 7. movement was powered by steam. In its best-recordedrun, it was able to “fly”around 200 metres before running out of steam. Archytas's mechanical bird is not only the first known robot in 8. history, but also one of the earliest recorded instances of a scientist conducting 9. research on bird 10.flight.

Sentence Structures

 Task 9Construct the sentences with the words or phrases given, following the model.

Model 1:

A robot-proof model must also account for the fact that learning cannot end on the day a person graduates.

【fact(evidence, impression, possibility, news, message, words, idea, promise, question)

that(which, when, where, who, what, whether), 表示同位语从句】

 1.     hear the news, our team, win

→ I heard the news that our team had win.

2.    recent stress at work, account for, Pablo has been very anxious lately

→ Recent stress at work may account for the fact that Pablo has been very anxious lately.

3.    the question, take his place, not clear

→ The question who will take his place is still not clear.

Model 2:

Lifelonglearning is no longer optional, which means that universities should promote it from the sidelines of higher education to the center of the educational enterprise.

【which 非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句】

1.     the patient's reply included a set of incoherent words, he is in fact mentally ill

→ The patient's reply included a set of incoherent words, which suggests that he is in fact mentally ill.

2.    in the presence of so many people he was little tense, understandable

→ In the presence of so many people he was little tense , which was understandable.

3.    we have encountered a problem, we need to change our initialplan

→ We have encountered a problem, which means thatwe need to change our initial plan.

Task10    Sentence translation

Translate the followingsentences into English, using the words and phrases in the brackets.

1.          总统公布了他的区域一体化蓝图。(blueprint, integration)

The President unveiled his blueprint for regional integration.

2.          有必要改变社会的思维定式，确保给予妇女尊严和尊重。(mindset, ensure)

There is a need to change the mindset of society to ensure that women are given dignity and respect.

3.          许多国家禁止野生动物马戏团 (circus)，他们希望美国能够效仿。(follow suit)

Many countries ban circuses with wild animals. They want the U.S. to follow suit.

4.          你应该抓住这个宝贵的机会磨练你的专业技能。(seize, hone, professional)

You should seize this precious opportunity to hone your professional skills.

5.          我很快适应了低脂饮食，结果减了几磅。(adapt, shed)

I quickly adapted to the low-fat diet and shed a few pounds as a result.

Task11    Passage translation

Translate the following passage into English. Try to use the words and phrases from Passage A as manyas possible.

人工智能有潜力改变许多产业：自动驾驶的汽车、提高安全性的面部识别或者比医生更好的检测（detect）癌症的系统。在全球范围内，人工智能领先的国家主要有美国、中国及其他发达国家。中国政府已经公布计划，到 2030 年在人工智能领域要引领世界。中国在人工智能、芯片（chips）和电动汽车（electric vehicles）方面的投资已经达到3000  亿美元。与此同时，人工智能巨头阿里巴巴（Alibaba）公布了对国际研究实验室投资 150 亿美元的计划，其他公司也纷纷效仿。在人工智能研究方面，中国正在迅速赶上美国。美国公司因其先发优势（first-mover advantage）而处于有利地位，而中国公司则得益于其庞大的国内市场。

For your reference:

Artificial intelligence has the potential totransform many industries: It can lead to cars that drive themselves, facial recognition that enhances security, or systems that could detect cancer better than a doctor could. On a global scale, leaders in artificial intelligence development mainly include the United States, China, and other developed countries. China's government has revealed its plan to lead the world in AI by 2030. Already, Chinese investments in AI, chips, and electric vehicles have reached an estimated $300 billion.Meanwhile, AIgiant Alibaba has unveiled plans to invest $15 billion in international research labs, with other companies following suit. China is rapidly catching up to the US in AIresearch. US companies are in a strong position because of their first-mover advantage, while Chinese companies benefit from their large domestic market.

Critical Thinking and Discussion

Task12    Work in a small group

Discuss the question: What are the pros and cons of having robots in the workplace? Write your supporting ideas in the chart. Use the words or phrases in the passage when discussing in your group.