强调句与倒装

倒装

1. 倒装

倒装分为完全和部分倒装。完全倒装指整个谓语置于主语之前，部分倒装指谓语的一部分置于主语之前，通常是助动词或情态动词提前。

句首是：here / there / up / down / away / now / in/ on 等adv. ，谓语v.  是be / go /come / fly 等时，要完全倒装，但主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。

e.g.  There goes the bell.

 Now comes your turn.

 Here he comes. / Here comes the famous player.

 There lived a poor man there.

做状语的prep. 短语提前以便承上启下，使句子平衡或突出状语，要倒装。

e.g.  After News Years Day, comes Chinese SpringFestival.

表语提前的句子

e.g. On both sideof the road are flowers and trees.

   Next to my school is a hospital.

   In the distance was a boat.

 Only 位于句首时，部分倒装。

e.g. Only in thisway can we solve the problem.

   Only by practice can we improve our English.

   Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

 带有否定意义的词位于句首时,要部分倒装:

hardly / never /rarely / seldom / not only ... but also... / in no way / at no time / by nomeans / no sooner... than / neither ... or / hardly / scarcely ... when / underno circumstance 等

e.g.  Little did he realize that he had made aserious mistake in the experiment.

     No sooner had he come into the room thanthe telephone rang.

     Hardly did I remember it.

     Never before have I read the book.

6). So 置于句首，意为“也如此”，neither / nor 置于句首意为“也不”时

e.g. You are not astudent ,nor am I .

If you will not goswimming, neither shall I .

 在so... that/ such ...that 结构中，so / such 置于句首时。

e.g. So clear wasthe statement that it couldn’t be misunderstood.

8). As 引导的让步状语从句可用倒装表示强调。

2. 强调句的基本句型

It is (was) +被强调的句子成分+that /who + 句子的其他成分。

e.g.  It was Doctor Smith that (who) gave us alecture last week.

     It was last summer that my daughterlearned to swim.

在肯定句中，可用do / did / does +v. 来强调谓语v.

e.g. Millions ofAmericans do get some enjoyment from watching television..

注意区分it 引导强调句型和it 作形式主语

在强调句中，it 不替代任何句子成分，如果将强调结构“it is ... That(who)”去掉，句子可还原。而在主语  从句中，it 替代主语从句，只要将it 去掉，句子就可还原。

Ⅵ.情态动词

1. 情态v. +be +表语，表示对现在情况进行推测，“应当、一定、可能...”

e.g. It can’t betrue.

   He must be a professor.

   They should be back by now.

2. 情态v. +be +V-ing,表示对现在进行的情况进行推测。

e.g. You shouldn’tbe working like that.

He can’t be telling the truth.

Let’s hurry up. They must be waiting forus.

3. 情态V. +have + V-ed, 表示对过去某种行为的推测。

e.g. She mighthave read the book before.

She couldn’t haveheard the news as it released only sevral minutes ago.

 You needn’t have come so early.

1). must +have +V-ed,是对过去事情肯定的推测。

e.g. The ground iswet. It must have rained last night.

2). Can / could+have +V-ed 的否定式表示对过去事情真实性表示不相信，用于疑问句表示惊奇和怀疑，“不可能已经... 了，可能已经... 了吗”

e.g. He can’t havegone home , because I saw him on the playground just now.

3)may / might +have + V-ed，表示对过去事情可能性的推测，或与事实情况相反，常有批评的意味，“本应该、或许已经、或许还没有...”

 e.g. You might have told him earlier .He isangry now.(本应该...)

4) should / oughtto / have + V-ed 表示对过去应该做而没有做的行为的责备。否定式对过去不应该做的事而又做了表示责备，“本来不该...的”

e.g.  You should have been here ten minutes ago.

     I feel very hot. I shouldn’t have worn thecoat.

need have done 常用于否定句中，“表示可以不必...的”

  e.g. You needn’t have waited for us.