I. Vocabulary Analysis

 

1. Phrase Practice

 

1. be through with= have sth. finished 完成

e.g. Are you through with the thesis? 你的论文写完了么？

       She was through with him long ago. 她跟他的关系早就结束了。

2. look over one’s shoulder = by looking from behind one's shoulder 回头看

e.g. Do not look over one’s shoulder while listening. 听别人说话的时候，回头看是不礼貌的。

3. take …apart = dissemble 拆开；粗暴对待

e.g. The little boy took the TV set apart with a screwdriver. 小男孩用一把螺丝刀拆开了电视机。

4. be prepared to= like/ want to 想要做

e.g. I'm not prepared to live here anymore,since the room is terribly dirty.

      因为这个房间太脏了，我再也不准备住这儿了。

      All the parties should be prepared to negotiate in this situation.

     在这种情况下，各方都需要做好协商的准备。

 

 

2. Word Comparison

 

1. entitle: to give a title to a book

   e.g. His latest novel, entitled “The Forgotten Sex”, is out this week.

    tag: if you tag something, you attach something to itor mark it so that it can be identified later

   e.g. Let's tag the disks now or else we will forget which is which.

    head: if a page is headed with a particular name, title,image, etc. it has it on the top

   e.g. The page was headed “Expenses”.

   label: to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly or incorrectly

   e.g. If you spend any time in prison, you will labeled as a criminal for the rest of your life.

 

2. scornful: if you are scornful of someone or something, you show contempt for them

   e.g. He is deeply scornful of politicians.

    proud: feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved withor in

   e.g. Her parents are very proud of her.

    sorrowful: very sad

   e.g. With a sorrowful sigh she folded the letterand put it away.

    afraid: if you are afraid of someone or afraid to do something, you are frightened because you think that something very unpleasant is going to happen to you

   e.g. I was afraid of the other boys.

 

3. technical: a technical language is the one that is difficult for most people to understand because it is connected with one particular subject orused in one particular job

   e.g. If possible, a doctors hould avoid using technical terms when talking to patients.

   mechanical: describing machines or their parts

  e.g. The plane appeared to have crashed because of a mechanical problem.

   sentimental: relating to or involving feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past

  e.g. Our paintings and photographs are of a sentimental value only.

   logical: seeming reasonable and sensible  

  e.g. It is a logical site for a new supermarket,with the housing development nearby.

  

4. code: a set of rules which are accepted as general principles,or a set of written rules which state how people in a particular organization or country should behave

   e.g. Clinics will be subject to a new code of conduct and stronger controls by local authorities.

   discipline: the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behavior, and punishing them when they do not  

   e.g. Children have to obey the discinples.

   key: the part of aplan, action, etc, that will make it possible for it to succeed

   e.g. Working well as a team is key to success.

   principle: a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

   e.g. The most important principle is the equal opportunity for all.

  

5. number: to give a number to something that is part of an ordered set or list

   e.g. They have not numbered the pages of the report.

   calculate: to judge the number or amount of something by using the information that you already have, and adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers

   e.g. The new tax system would be calculated on the value of property owned by an individual.

   figure: to calculatean amount

   e.g. I am still figuring my taxes.

   estimate: If you estimate a quantity or value, you make an approximate judgment or calculation of it.

   e.g. I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500.

  

6. score: the number of points, goals, etc. achieved in a game or competition

   e.g. Have you heard of the latest cricket score?

   point: one of the marks or numbers that shows your score in a game or sport

   e.g. He is three points behind the leader.

   mark: a point thatis given for a correct answer or for doing something well in an exam orcompetition  

   e.g. He did well to get such a good mark.

   number: one of a series of symbols used in counting, which is used to mark a particular example of something  

   e.g. Please write your credit card number on this form.

  

7. superior: used to describe someone who believes that they are better than other people and acts in such a way

   e.g. I can’t bear Amanda-she’s so superior.

    lofty: if you say that someone behaves in a lofty way, you are criticizing them for behaving in a proud and rather unpleasant way, as if they think they are very important

   e.g. She has such a lofty manner.

    stupid: if you say that someone or something is stupid, you mean that they show a lack of good judgmentor intelligence and they are not sensible at all   

   e.g. I’ll never do anything so stupid again.

   advanced: modern and well developed

   e.g. This is the most advanced type of engine available.

  

8. smart: intelligent or sensible

   e.g. The smart kids get good grades and go off to the college.

   wise: a wise personis able to use their experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions and judgments

   e.g. She has the air of a wise woman.

   intelligent: being able to learn and understand things easily

   e.g. Helen had a few intelligent things to say onthe subject.

   modern: made or done using the most recent designs or methods

   e.g. A lot of progress has been made with the use of modern technology.

 

 

3. Synonym / Antonym

 

Give some synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

           

 

4. Word Derivation 

1. point (n.) 点，要点，尖端，细节，目标

 pointless (adj.) 不尖的，钝的，不得要领的

 pointy (adj.) 非常尖的，有明显尖状突出部分的

e.g. This point is no leeway for dispute. 这一点是没有争论的余地的。

       He heaped scorn on painting and sculpture which he described as pointless pastimes.

      他嘲笑绘画和雕塑，称它们为无意义的消遣。

 

 

2. produce（v.）生产，提出，引起，生产

 product (n.) 产品，成果

 production (n.) 生产，产品，产量，作品，成果

 productivity (n.) 生产率，生产能力

 productive (adj.) 能 生产的，有生产价值的，多产的

 reproduce (v.) 复制，再生，生殖

 reproduction (n.) 复制品，复制，繁殖，生殖

e.g. Can water turn into wine? How can earth and water produce a live frog!

       水能变成酒吗?泥土与水何以能制造出一只活生生的青蛙?

      During the most productive time inher career, she wrote five novels.

       在她创作生涯中最多产的时期，她写了五本小说。

      We need to build a sales forcewith high productivity.我们必须建立一支高产能的销售队伍。

  

3. rely(v.)依赖，依靠

 reliable (adj.) 可靠地，可信的

 reliability (n.) 可靠性

 unreliable (adj.) 不可靠的

 unreliability (n.) 不可靠性，不安全性

e.g. The only man a girl  can rely onis her father .

      一个女孩唯一可以依赖一生的男人就是她的父亲。

 I don’t think he is a reliableman. 我不认为他是一个可靠的人。

      That he always failed to appear raises serious doubts as to his reliability.

      他一直未露面，实在使人怀疑他是否可靠。

 I was fed up with my old and unreliable car. 我受够我那辆又老又不可靠的车子了。

 

4. generous（adj.）慷慨的，宽宏大量的，丰盛的，味浓的

 generousness (n.) 慷慨，宽大，丰富，肥沃

 generosity (n.) 慷慨，大方

e.g. The generous man receives more than he gives. 大方的人得到的比给予的多。

       If children live with sharing,they learn generosity.

      如果生活在分享之中，孩子们将学会慷慨。

 

 

5. apology(n.) 道歉；勉强的替代物

 apologize (v.) 道歉，谢罪

 apologetical (adj.) 辩解的

 apologetic (adj.) 道歉的，认错的，赔罪的

 e.g. In my judgment, we should accept their apology. 依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。

    I apologize for what happened. 我为所发生的事情道歉。

   He spoke in an apologetic voice. 他说话充满歉意。

  

6. obey(v.) 服从，听从，顺从

 obedient (adj.) 服从的，顺从的

 obedience (n.) 服从，顺从

 disobedient (adj.) 不服从的，不顺从的

 disobedience (n.)不服从，违抗

e.g. You must obey her without question.你必须绝对服从她的命令。

      "I only wish to have three obedient boys." answered the mother.

      “我只想要三个听话的孩子，”母亲回答。

   His father beat the disobedient boy.父亲打了那个不听话的孩子.

  

7. employ（v.）雇佣，使用

 employee (n.)雇 员

 employment (n.) 职业，雇佣，使用

 employer (n.) 雇主

 employless (adj.) 失业的，无业的

 unemployment (n.) 失业率，失业人数

 unemploy (v.) 解雇，使失业

e.g. I employ all my energies in writing. 我把我的全部精力用于写作。

  He has no permanent employment. 他没有固定的工作。

      Lack of job opportunities resultsin severe unemployment. 工作机会的缺乏导致严重的失业。

  

8. courage(n.) 勇敢，胆量

 courageous (adj.) 勇敢的

 discourage (v.) 使气馁，阻碍

 discouraged (adj.) 泄气的，沮丧的

 discouragement (n.) 挫折

e.g. Courage is grace under pressure. 勇气是压力下的风度。

 A courageous man never wants weapons. 勇敢之人从来不需要武器。

      Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.

      教师应劝阻学生吸烟喝酒。

      My mother always speaks words of cheer to me when I feel discouraged.

      每当我觉得气馁的时候，我母亲总会对我说安慰鼓励的话。

           

II. Grammar Exercises

1. Generic Reference and Specific Reference of a/an, the

 

We usually use "the" when we talk about things that are unique: the sun, the sky, etc, and about things that are context specific and are known by both the speaker and the listener. If we wantto describe a particular instance of these we can use “a/an”.

e.g. I could see the plane (context specific, both the speaker and the listener know about the plane that is mentioned) high up in the sky (unique).

 When I woke up there was a bright blue sky (aninstance).

       

  

 

                         2.  "Go to school" or "go to the school"

A/an, the and zero articles can allbe used in set collocations or fixed collocations and idioms. Caution that collocations with different choices of articles can mean differently.

e.g. A man is standing in the front of the house. (The man is in the house.)

   A tree is standing in front of the house. (The tree is outside the house.)

   I go to school every day. (=I go to the schoolto study every day.)

   I went to the school today. (=Today I went to some place and that place was a school.)

      

 

III. Translation Exercises

1. 一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（Head）

Explanation:

If you head agroup of people (sometimes followed by up), you go at the head of or in front of them or you are the head or chief of them: e.g. to head a school; toh ead up a department. When you head something, you direct the course of sth. or turn the head or front of in a specified direction.

Translation:

Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.

Practice

            

2. 小张的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人去请医生。(send for)

Explanation:

To send for sb. is to request someone to come by sending them a message.

Translation:

Xiao Zhang’smother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.

Practice

          

3.在这个信息爆炸的时代，我们必须不断努力更新知识，才能适应工作的需要。（become adjusted to）

Explanation:

If you become adjusted to somethingor a place, you get used to it.

Translation:

In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge.Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement of our work.

            

      4.那男孩把衬衫塞到裤腰里，将皮包夹在腋下，看上去俨然一副老板样。(tuck)

      Explanation:

  To tuck is to make one or more folds in or to gather up and fold, thrust, or turn in so as to secure or confine.

     Translation:

 With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.

            

 

 

IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills

 

1. Dictation

 

 

 

2. Cloze

 

V. Oral Activities

 

1. Giving a Talk

 

Some day when you’re 90 years old, you will likely tell your grandchildren about the school you went to in your childhood. Undoubtedly the school your grandchildren go to will be almost totally different from yours.Describe to them your teachers, the way you were taught, the way you learned, the way you did your homework, your textbooks and examinations, etc.

You could probably begin yourdescription with “I began my school at the age of six. I still remember the school I went to was a very large one in the suburbs of our city.”

 

Reference:

1)     You may want to use the following words and expressions in your description:

real book, printed textbook, exercise books, real teacher, classmates, blackboard, chalk, classroom, teaching building, communication, interaction, answer the questions in class, paper-and-pencil examination

2)     You may want to express the following feelings to your grandchildren:

— Everything can be seen, smelled, touched and felt. Everything is real and vivid.

— My classmates and I have fun in the garden and in the playground of the school.

—Face-to-face communication between teachers and students is impressive and unforgettable.

2. Making a Dialogue

    

Invite one of your fellow students to make a dialogue, imagining that you were Tommy and Margie and were talking about your likes and dislikes about your school life.

 

A dialogue for reference:

Tommy: Hi, Margie, what’s up? You don’t look good.

Margie: Oh, terrible! I failed in my arithmetic test. The mechanical teacher gave me “F” again. I hate test! I hate school!

Tommy: Take it easy, Margie. Well, I think school is not so bad. You see, we have our regular lessons hours, and if we are sick, we can arrange the study time by ourselves.I think the mechanical teacher is kind and powerful. When I input a keyword tosearch for something, he can give me thousands of references at once.

Margie: Kind? When I am nervous about the exam and when I have difficulty in my arithmetic lessons,he never smiles at me and encourages me! Of course, he can’t! He is just amachine! I really hope that there would have a real teacher, I mean, a realperson, and … er … a lot of classmates. We can study and have fun together. How wonderful!

Tommy: Poor litter Margie. Don’t be so angry. Come here. Let me help you with your lesson.

Margie: Thanks, Tommy.

Tommy: You are welcome.

 

 

VI. Writing Practice

 

                                     1、  英语微课视频： 

                  Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions, 

                                 and Subordinating Conjunctions  

                                 （并列连词、关联连词与从属连词）  

           

       2、 课前自主学习任务单 & 教学视频规划说明 & 课堂学习任务单  

           

                3、 课前自主学习与课堂互评中可参考的微课知识点清单 

         

                                 4、微课课后任务及参考答案          

                                    5、微课配套学习资源

                                            6、课后巩固训练

 1.  Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses, but they must always join similar elements: e.g. subject + subject, verb + verb, object+ object, and sentence +sentence. When a coordinating conjunction isused to join elements, the elements become compound elements.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, nor,or, so, and yet. To remember all the seven coordinating conjunctions in a better way, we might want to learn the acronym: FANBOYS. F = for;A = and; N = nor; B = but; O= or; Y = yet; S = so.

Look at the following examples :

1. I hate to waste a single drop of squid eyeball stew, for it is expensive and time-consuming to make. (For connects two clauses, and indicates the result- cause relationship between the two clauses.)

2. The bowl of squid eyeball stew is hot and delicious. (And connects two words and indicates the addition relationship between the twowords.)

3. Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew. (Nor connects two clauses, and indicates the addition of negative character relationship between the twoclauses.)

4. Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched but hates getting his claws trimmed. (But connects two phrases, and indicates the contrast between two ideas.)

5. The squid eyeball stew is so thick that you can eat it with a fork or spoon. (Or connects two words and indicates the optional relationship between the two words.)

6. Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door yet adores the German shepherd across the street. (Yet connects two clauses, and indicates the opposition between the two clauses.)

7. Even though I added cream to the squid eyeball stew, Rocky ignored his serving, so I got a spoon and ate it myself.(So connects two clauses, and indicates the cause-result relationship between the two clauses.)

 

 

 

2.  Correlative Conjunctions

 

Correlative Conjunctions are those conjunctions which are in the form of pair of words. They always join grammatically equal elements (e.g. noun + noun, adjective + adjective, phrase +phrase, clause +clause, etc.). They also lend equal weight to the joined elements, i.e. one joined element is always equal to but neversubordinate to the other. When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.

The correlative conjunctions include the following: both … and, either … or,neither … nor, not only … but also/not only … but … as well, whether … or, such… as,etc. Such correlative conjunctions can be used properly to complete sentences beautifully.

Look at the examples that follow:

1. Both … and …
Example: For seeking admission in an American university, you should sit for both GRE and TOEFL.

2. Either … or …
Example: Either John or Georgemust havedonethis mischief.

3. Neither … nor …
Example: Neither Peter nor Andrew has passed the test.

4. Not only … but also …
Example: She not only wrote the screenplay for the movie but also acted a role in it.

5. Whether … or …
Example: I do not know whether my father is arriving by the 8 o’clock flight or 9 o’clock flight.

6. Such … as …
Example: I see only such movies as have good songs.

7. Such … that …
Example: Such was the weather the whole of today that I decided to stay indoors.

8. As … as …
Example: If you are as intelligent as your father, it will not be difficult for you torun your family business.

9. As … so …
Example: As you sow, so you reap.

10. Hardly … when …
Example: Hardly had I sat down for dinner, when the phone rang.

Practice: Combine the following sentences with appropriate correlative conjunctions.

3.  Subordinating Conjunctions

 

Subordinating conjunctions connect subordinate clauses to main clauses. There are numerous subordinating conjunctions. The more commonly used ones are:

after, although, as, as far as, as soon as, as if, as though, because, before, even if, even though, every time, for fear that, how, if, inasmuch as, in case (that) , in order that, in so far as, in that, just as…so, lest, next time, no matter how, now that, once, provided (that) , since, sothat, supposing (that), than, that, the first/second time, the last time, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while, why.

  They are used to introducesubordinate clauses of various kinds.

Generally, subordinate clauses have the following functions:

A. Concession (though, although,even if, even)

   Example: Although no one was injured,more than two hundred homes were destroyed.

 B. Identification (that, when, who)

   Example: Firefighters, who came from several neighboring cities, fought the fire for two days.

 C. Time (before, when, after, while,as, as soon as, till, until)

   Example: While I was teaching in a high school, she was working as a nurse in a hospital.

 D. Cause (since, because, as)

   Example: Since you missed the deadline, you will have to pay extra fees.

 E. Condition (if, unless, provided, in case, as long as)

   Example: If a new storm comes, the road will be closed.

F. Purpose (so that, in order that)

   Example: The promoters installed loudspeakers outside in order that those waiting to get in could hear the music.

G. Manner (as, as if, asthough, how)

   Example: Please do as your doctor says.

H. Place (where)

   Example: Where the road forks, you will find a service station.

I. Result (so that)

   Example: I got up late so that I missed the train.

Combine the following sentences with appropriate subordinating conjunctions and delete unnecessary words.

               

VII. Listening Exercises

From Television Back to Games

 

You are going to hear a small talk in which the speaker compares television with board games.

A.   Listen carefully. Supply the missing words. For each blank you need to write three words.