Word meaning is made up of various components which are interrelated and interdependent. These components are commonly described as types of meaning. 词义有各种相互联系与相互依存的不同成分组成，这些成分就是词义的种类。

4.3.1. Grammatical Meaning & Lexical Meaning

Grammatical meaning indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional paradigm. (语法意义指词义中表示语法概念或关系的那部分意义。例如词类、名词的单复数、动词的时态意义及它们的屈折形式。)

Inflectional paradigm: all the inflectional forms of a word

For example: girls, winters, tables, joys

We notice that word-forms, though denoting different objects of reality, have something in common. This common element is the grammatical meaning of plurality.

Lexical meaning is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This component of meaning is identical in all the forms of the word. (林承璋：词汇意义是词典中一个独立词的意义。在该词的所有形式中，其词汇意义相同。）

For example: The word-forms go, goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meanings of tense, person, and so on, but in each of these forms we find one and the same semantic component.

4.3.2. Conceptual Meaning & Associative Meaning

Conceptual meaning is meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.概念意义是词典中所给的意义，是词义的核心。

Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, etc. 联想意义是概念意义的补充意义，是次要意义。它受语言外界因素如文化、经历、宗教、地域、出身、教育等的影响而变化，所以是开放性的，是不定的。

What are the sources of associative meanings?

The persons who use such lexemes;  

The settings in which such lexemes are employed;

Cultural values associated with the referents of the lexemes;

The occurrence of such lexemes in prior texts;

Contamination from linguistic collocations;

Contamination from homophones.

4.3.3. Connotative Meaning

It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. 内涵意义是由概念意义产生的言外之意或联想。

What connotations do you think “home”, “dragon” and “mother” might have?

 4.3.4. Stylistic Meaning

Apart from their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different styles. 很多词除了其概念意义外，还有文体色彩，以适应不同的文体风格。

In some dictionaries, these stylistic features are clearly marked as ‘formal, informal, literary, archaic, slang’ and so on.

Compare the following two groups of synonyms:

leave                       depart

job                 position

can’t              cannot

tired                        fatigued

ad               advertisement

4.3.5. Affective Meaning

Affective meaning expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. This meaning can be overtly and explicitly conveyed simply by the choice of the right words.情感意义反映作者或说话人对所谈论的人或物、事态等表示的个人情感或态度。这种意义可以通过选用表情词直接了当地表现出来。

Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative and pejorative/derogative. Words of positive overtones are used to show appreciation or the attitude of approval; those of negative connotations imply disapproval, contempt or criticism. 

Appreciative                     pejorative

Little                                Small

Famous                            Notorious 

Slim/slender                     Skinny

Determined                   Pigheaded

Statesman                    Politician

Confidence                   Complacency

Farmer                       Peasant

Publicity                     propaganda

4.3.6. Collocative Meaning

It is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words with which it co-occurs. 搭配意义即与之一起使用的词语所赋予的那部分意义。

Pretty and handsome share common ground in the meaning "good-looking", but may be distinguished by the range of nouns with which they are likely to co-occur.